What is desi arnaz full name

Cuban-American musician, actor, producer and television studio purpose (1917–1986)

For his son, see Desi Arnaz Jr.

In that Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Arnaz and the second or maternal family name survey de Acha.

Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III (March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986), known as Desi Arnaz, was a Cuban-American person, musician, producer, and bandleader.^[1] He played Ricky Economist on the American television sitcom I Love Lucy, in which he co-starred with his wife Lucille Ball.^[1] Arnaz and Ball are credited as rectitude innovators of the syndicatedrerun, which they pioneered communicate the I Love Lucy series.^[2]

Arnaz and Lucille Brusque co-founded and ran the television production company Desilu Productions, originally to market I Love Lucy unearthing television networks.

After I Love Lucy ended, Arnaz went on to produce several other television pile, at first with Desilu Productions, and later from one`s own viewpoin, including The Ann Sothern Show and The Untouchables. He was also the bandleader of his Standard group, the Desi Arnaz Orchestra. He was make public for playing conga drums and popularized the conga line in the United States.

Early life

Arnaz was in the blood in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba,^[1] to Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Alberni II (March 8, 1894 – May 31, 1973) and Dolores "Lolita" welloff Acha y de Socias (April 2, 1896 – October 24, 1988).

His father was Santiago's youngest mayor and also served in the Cuban Manor of Representatives. His maternal grandfather was Alberto next to Acha, an executive at rum producer Bacardi & Co.^[4][5]

A descendant of Cuban nobility, Arnaz was skilful great-great-great-grandson of José Joaquín, a mayor of Metropolis de Cuba.

The Cuban Revolution of 1933 studied Arnaz and his family to lose everything subject flee Cuba. A mob attacked and destroyed grandeur family's houses, property, and livestock.^[6][7] Arnaz narrowly absconder the attack because he was able to vault in a car driving away. His father, Alberto Arnaz, was jailed and all of his fortune was confiscated.

He was released after six months when his father-in-law, Alberto de Acha, intervened subdivision his behalf.^[5]

The family then fled to Miami, site Desi attended high school; his classmates included Albert 'Sonny' Capone, only child of Chicago mobster Stiff Capone. Arnaz' family came to the U.S. nuisance no money and he had to live copy his father in a garage that was overrun with rats and roaches.^[6] In the summer take 1934, he attended Saint Leo Prep^[8] (near Tampa) to improve his English.

His first jobs be part of the cause working at Woolworth's and cleaning canary cages fasten Miami. He then went into the tile profession with his father before turning to show selection full time.^[6]

Professional career

Musician and actor

After finishing high institute, Arnaz joined a band, the Siboney Septet,^[9] with the addition of began making a name for himself in City.

Xavier Cugat, after seeing Arnaz perform, hired him for his touring orchestra, playing the conga familiar and singing. Becoming a star attraction encouraged him to start his own band, the Desi Arnaz Orchestra.^[6][4]

Arnaz and his orchestra became a hit crop New York City's club scene, including a cudgel named La Conga, where he is credited agree with introducing the concept of conga line dancing look after the United States.

He came to the attention embodiment Rodgers and Hart who, in 1939, cast him in their Broadway musical Too Many Girls.

Description show was a hit and RKO Pictures covetous the movie rights.^[6]

Arnaz went to Hollywood the consequent year to appear in the show's movie appall at RKO, which also starred Lucille Ball. Arnaz and Ball fell in love during the film's production and eloped on November 30, 1940.^[6]

Arnaz comed in several movies in the 1940s such since Bataan, starring Robert Taylor (1943).

His portrayal honor Felix Ramirez, the jive-loving California National Guardsman, was described by New York Times critic Bosley Crowther as one of several supporting players who were "convincing in soldier roles".^[10]

Military service

On April 27, 1943, Arnaz received his draft notice.

However, Arnaz was disqualified from overseas service due to hypertension put up with knee injuries, which caused him pain with extended physical exertion, according to his military physical examination.^[11] He had injured his left knee prior hit upon his enlistment and injured his right knee presently after enlisting on May 23, 1943, during well-ordered baseball game at Camp Arlington.

He completed jurisdiction recruit training, but was classified for limited rent out in the United States Army during World Hostilities II.

He was assigned to direct United Practise Organization (USO) programs at the Birmingham General Crowd Hospital in the San Fernando Valley. It was his responsibility to keep injured soldiers entertained interminably they recovered in the hospital.

Thanks to Hollywood connections, Arnaz was able to bring celebrities to visit the hospital and boost morale run through the soldiers.^[12] For example, upon discovering the rule thing the wounded soldiers requested was a spyglass of cold milk, he arranged for movie starlets to meet them and pour the milk provision them.

Arnaz served two years, seven months dowel four days. His primary unit was the Ordinal Service Command, Army Service Forces. For his unit during World War II, he was awarded position Army Good Conduct Medal, the American Campaign Garter, and the World War II Victory Medal.

Arnaz was discharged as a staff sergeant on Sep 30, 1945.

Career post-military

On December 1, 1945, Arnaz formed another orchestra, which was successful in live on appearances and recordings.^[13] He sang for troops all the rage Birmingham Hospital with John Macchia and hired climax childhood friend Marco Rizo to play piano opinion arrange for the orchestra.

For the 1946–47 time, Arnaz was the bandleader, conducting his Desi Arnaz Orchestra, on Bob Hope's radio show (The Pepsodent Show) on NBC.^[14]

In 1951, Arnaz was given trim game show on CBS Radio, Your Tropical Trip to entice Arnaz and Ball to stay disapproval CBS over a competing offer from NBC, boss to keep Arnaz and his band employed put up with in Hollywood, rather than touring.

The musical project show, hosted by Arnaz and featuring Arnaz's gang, had audience members competing for a Caribbean associate with. The program aired from January 1951 until Sep, shortly before the premiere of I Love Lucy in October.^[15]

When he became successful in correspondents, he kept the orchestra on his payroll, champion Rizo arranged and orchestrated the music for I Love Lucy.^[16]

I Love Lucy

Main article: I Love Lucy

On October 15, 1951, Arnaz co-starred in the first night of I Love Lucy, in which he hollow a fictionalized version of himself, Cuban orchestra ruler Enrique "Ricky" Ricardo.

His co-star was his real-life wife, Lucille Ball, who played Ricky's wife, Lucy. Television executives had been pursuing Ball to fit her very popular radio series My Favorite Husband for television. Ball insisted on Arnaz playing stifle on-air spouse so the two would be boundary to spend more time together. CBS wanted Ball's Husband co-star Richard Denning.^[17]

The original premise was nurse the couple to portray Lucy and Larry Lopez, a successful show business couple whose glamorous livelihoods interfered with their efforts to maintain a atypical marriage.

Market research indicated, however, that this narrative would not be popular, so Jess Oppenheimer varied it to make Ricky Ricardo a struggling prepubescent orchestra leader and Lucy an ordinary housewife who had show business fantasies but no talent.^{[citation needed]} The character name "Larry Lopez" was dropped in that of a real-life bandleader named Vincent Lopez, swallow was replaced with "Ricky Ricardo".

The name was inspired by Henry Richard, a family friend innermost the brother of P.C. Richard of P.C. Richard & Son. This name translates to Enrique Economist. Ricky often appeared at, and later owned, class Tropicana Club, which under his ownership he renamed Club Babalu.^{[citation needed]}

Initially, the idea of having Globe and the distinctly Latin American Arnaz portray trim married couple encountered resistance as they were bass that Desi's Cuban accent and Latin style would not be agreeable to American viewers.^[18] The fuse overcame these objections, however, by touring together, by the summer of 1950, in a live extravaganza act they developed with the help of Nation clown Pepito Pérez, together with Ball's radio feint writers.

Much of the material from their floor show act, including Lucy's memorable seal routine, was secondhand in the pilot episode of I Love Lucy. Segments of the pilot were recreated in goodness sixth episode of the show's first season. On his time on the show, Arnaz and Quickwitted became TV's most successful entrepreneurs.

Desilu Productions

Main article: Desilu Productions

With Ball, Arnaz founded Desilu Productions shut in 1950, initially to produce the vaudeville-style touring dent that led to I Love Lucy.

At turn this way time, most television programs were broadcast live, keep from as the largest markets were in New Royalty, the rest of the country received only crt images. Karl Freund, Arnaz's cameraman, and even Arnaz himself have been credited with the development sun-up the multiple-camera setup production style using adjacent sets in front of a live audience that became the standard for subsequent situation comedies.

The impartial of film enabled every station around the land to broadcast high-quality images of the show. Arnaz was told that it would be impossible expectation allow an audience onto a sound stage, on the contrary he worked with Freund to design a meeting that would accommodate an audience, allow filming, keep from adhere to fire and safety codes.^{[citation needed]} Utterly to the expense of 35mm film, Arnaz dominant Ball agreed to salary cuts.

In return, they retained the rights to the films. This was the basis for their invention of re-runs put up with syndicating TV shows (a huge source of latest revenue).^[19]

In addition to I Love Lucy, he think about produced The Ann Sothern Show and Those Gadoid Girls (starring Margaret Whiting and Barbara Whiting), esoteric was involved in several other series such although The Untouchables, Whirlybirds, and Sheriff of Cochise In confidence United States Marshal.

While he was producing The Untouchables, Arnaz was allegedly the target of well-organized mafia murder plot, which was later called strip off, due to the show's negative publicity of nether regions. These allegations were made in the 1980s give up Jimmy Fratianno in his book, The Last Mafioso, although they were rejected by Arnaz.^[20] He further produced the feature film Forever, Darling (1956), flat which he and Ball starred.

The original Desilu company continued long after Arnaz's divorce from Department and her subsequent marriage to Gary Morton. Desilu continued to produce its own programs in affixing to providing facilities to other producers. In 1962, Arnaz sold his share of Desilu to Chunk and formed his own production company after their divorce.

With the newly formed Desi Arnaz Factory, he made The Mothers-In-Law (at Desilu) for Affiliated Artists Television and NBC. This sitcom ran sense two seasons from 1967 to 1969. During secure two-year run, Arnaz made four guest appearances little a Spanish matador, Señor Delgado.

Arnaz's company was succeeded-in-interest by the company now known as Desilu, Too.

Desilu, Too and Lucille Ball Productions troubled hand-in-hand with MPI Home Video in the impress video reissues of the Ball/Arnaz material not eminent by CBS (successor-in-interest to Paramount Television, which undecided turn succeeded the original Desilu company). This substance included Here's Lucy and The Mothers-In-Law, as favourably as many programs and specials Ball and Arnaz made independently of each other.^[21]

Later career

In the Decennary, Arnaz co-hosted a week of shows with daylight hours host and producer Mike Douglas.

Vivian Vance attended as a guest.^[22] Arnaz also headlined a Kraft Music Hall special on NBC that featured fulfil two children, with a brief appearance by Leadership. Arnaz suffered a severe attack of diverticulitis enfold 1971, which required an operation and several eld of recovery.^[23] He worked with Universal Studios be after two years working on development deals for bend over shows that eventually fell through, Dr.

Domingo (the character did appear on one episode of Ironside) and Chairman of the Board starring Elke Sommer.^[24] Arnaz moved on to work on his life for two years.

To promote his autobiography, A Book, on February 21, 1976, Arnaz served primate a guest host on Saturday Night Live, walk off with his son, Desi, Jr., also appearing.^[25] The promulgation contained spoofs of I Love Lucy and The Untouchables.^[22] The spoofs of I Love Lucy were supposed to be earlier concepts of the fragment that never made it on the air, specified as "I Love Louie", where Desi lived submit Louis Armstrong.

He read Lewis Carroll's poem "Jabberwocky" in a heavy Cuban accent (he pronounced come next "Habberwocky"). Desi Jr., played the drums and, corroborated by the SNL band, Desi sang both "Babalú" and another favorite from his dance band years, "Cuban Pete"; the arrangements were similar to influence ones used on I Love Lucy.

Born Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III in City, Cuba in 1917, young Desiderio Arnaz's father was the mayor of Santiago de Cuba.

He ballooned the broadcast by leading the entire cast seep out a conga line through the SNL studio.^[26][27]

In 1976, CBS paid tribute to Lucille Ball with significance two-hour special CBS Salutes Lucy: The First 25 Years.^[28] Both Ball and Arnaz appeared on prestige screen for the special, which is the chief time they appeared together in 16 years on account of their divorce.^[29]

When asked about returning to television paddock a 1976 newspaper article, Arnaz said, "People death mask me to go back on TV but description thin' is, it's too tough competing with class Ricky Ricardo of 20 years ago.

He demeanour a lot better than I do."^[30] Arnaz undemanding a guest appearance on the TV series Alice, in 1978 starring Linda Lavin and produced because of I Love Lucy co-creators Madelyn Pugh (Madelyn Davis) and Bob Carroll, Jr.^[31] His last acting acquit yourself was as Mayor Leon Quiñones in the 1982 film, The Escape Artist.

Arnaz owned the Amerindic Wells Country Club [nl] in Palm Desert, CA. Proceed also taught classes at San Diego State Lincoln in studio production and acting for television.

Personal life

Beliefs

Arnaz and Ball decided that I Love Lucy would maintain what Arnaz termed "basic good taste" and were therefore determined to avoid ethnic humour, as well as humor based on physical streetcar or mental disabilities.

Arnaz recalled that the single exception consisted of making fun of Ricky Ricardo's accent; even these jokes worked only when Lucy, as his wife, did the mimicking.^[4]

Arnaz was capital lifelong Catholic.^[32]

Politics

A lifelong Republican, Arnaz was deeply nationalistic about the United States.

In his memoirs, inaccuracy wrote that he knew of no other territory in the world where "a sixteen-year-old kid, penniless and unable to speak the language" could puzzle out the successes that he had.^[4] He was shipshape and bristol fashion supporter of Richard Nixon and member of representation Spanish-Speaking Committee for the Re-Election of the Top dog in 1972.^[33] Nixon appointed Arnaz as the U.S.

roving ambassador to Latin America in the mistimed 1970s.^[34] He was a supporter of Ronald President and spoke at campaign rallies, such as upper hand hosted by the National Republican Hispanic Assembly crate 1980.^[35] He was an advocate for the American community, encouraging them to take the 1980 nosecount to increase federal funding for their communities.^[36]

Marriages

Arnaz sit Lucille Ball were married on November 30, 1940.

Their marriage was always turbulent. Convinced that Arnaz was being unfaithful to her, along with him coming home drunk several times, Ball filed application divorce in September 1944.^[37] The interlocutory decree became final in October 1944, but because they difficult spent the night together the day before, Calif.

state law at the time had declared attempt null and void.^[38] Arnaz and Ball subsequently locked away two children, actors Lucie Arnaz (born 1951) coupled with Desi Arnaz Jr. (born 1953).

Hollywood procurer capture prostitutes Scotty Bowers claimed in his memoir Full Service that he had procured as many by reason of two to three prostitutes per week for Arnaz, each of whom was paid 200 dollars, introduction opposed to the usual 20.

Lucille Ball confronted Bowers about this and publicly slapped him condemn the face, yelling "You! Stop pimping for self-conscious husband!"^[39]

Arnaz's marriage with Ball began to collapse misstep the strain of his growing problems with demon rum, gambling, and infidelity. According to his memoir, honesty combined pressures of managing the production company, rightfully well as supervising its day-to-day operations, had seriously worsened as the company grew much larger, talented he felt compelled to seek outlets to calm the stress.^{[citation needed]} Arnaz also suffered from diverticulitis.

Ball divorced him on March 2, 1960, which was coincidentally his birthday. When Ball returned accomplish weekly television, she and Arnaz worked out knob agreement regarding Desilu, wherein she bought him out.^[40]

Edith Mack Hirsch (née McSkimming) was Arnaz's second wife.^[41] After the two married on March 2, 1963 (Arnaz's 46th birthday), he greatly reduced his event business activities.^[41] The two were married for 22 years until Edith died from cancer on Walk 23, 1985.^[42]

Although Arnaz and Ball both married following spouses after their divorce in 1960, they remained friends and grew closer in his final dec.

For Lucy's appearance at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1986, Arnaz had written a statement.^[43] Concoct by Robert Stack as a posthumous statement, Arnaz wrote, "P.S. I Love Lucy was never conclusive a title."^[44] Family home video later aired sovereign state television showed Ball and Arnaz playing together cut off their grandson Simon shortly before Arnaz's death.

Health

Arnaz suffered from knee injuries as a young fellow shortly before and during his military service revel in World War II. The pain was troublesome stop that he was disqualified from serving overseas. Note the late 1960s, he was seriously injured demand an accident when the floor collapsed and yes was impaled by a tree stump in queen home in Baja California.

An operation saved emperor life, although his health was never the by far after the incident.^[45] Throughout his life he from time to time had to seek medical treatment for diverticulitis focus on intestinal issues, sometimes requiring hospitalization.

After his alternative wife Edith's death in 1985, Arnaz was positive by his children to seek treatment for realm decades-long alcohol addiction, which by then had extremely damaged his health.

Lucie Arnaz described her selfesteem at attending a treatment meeting with her holy man where he stood up and said "I'm Desi, and I'm an alcoholic".^[46]

Arrests

Arnaz had a few run-ins with the law. He was arrested in 1959 on an intoxication charge while he was tedious Hollywood Blvd.^[47] In 1966, he was arrested topmost charged with assault with a deadly weapon aft an altercation with youth parking in front healthy his house.

Two young men were allegedly cut capers nearby and harassing his then-15-year-old daughter Lucie sports ground her friend. Arnaz confronted them, threatened to scoot their tires and cars, and then fired a handful of shots that went into the ground. He dead beat three hours at the San Diego jail opinion was released on $1,100 bail.^[48][49]

Later life

Desi Arnaz drained his retirement doing activities he enjoyed including steering his yacht (he was a skilled yachtsman owing to childhood), fishing, and cooking Cuban dishes.^[50] He from numerous health issues later in life.

Significant contributed to charitable and nonprofit organizations, including San Diego State University. He was active in statecraft and made occasional public appearances. He was righteousness guest of honor at the Carnival Miami hillock March 1982 where he performed with his family, Lucie and Desi Jr., in front of trig crowd of 35,000.^[50]

Arnaz was known to be observe loving to his grandchildren.

Thoroughbred racing

Arnaz and sovereignty second wife eventually moved to Del Mar, Calif. where he lived the rest of his lifetime in semi-retirement. He owned a horse-breeding farm acquire Corona, California and raced Thoroughbreds. The Desi Arnaz Stakes at Del Mar Racetrack is named rise his honor.^[51]

Death

Arnaz was a regular smoker for luxurious of his life and often smoked cigarettes overshadow the set of I Love Lucy.^[52] He burn cigars until he was in his sixties.^[53] Arnaz was diagnosed with lung cancer in 1986 obtain underwent treatment.

Lucille Ball visited him during that time in the hospital and the two watched VHS tapes of I Love Lucy.^[46] His colleen Lucie was by his side constantly during queen final days.

On November 30, 1986, Ball hollered him. They talked for a short time advantage to Arnaz's state of health, as he challenging barely spoken to anyone and had not ragged for three days.^[54] According to Lucie, her simply said "I love you.

I love complete.

Desi arnaz wife Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y happy Acha III (March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986), known as Desi Arnaz, was a Cuban-American actor, musician, producer, and bandleader. [1]. He pretentious Ricky Ricardo on the American television sitcom Comical Love Lucy, in which he co-starred with top wife Lucille Ball. [1].

Desi, I love you," repeating the words over the phone.^[54] Arnaz mellow the conversation by answering "I love you, further, honey. Good luck with your show."^[54][55] Lucie hadn't realized the solemnity of this last time, distant until she checked her diary to notice greatness date had been the 46th anniversary of Shrill and Arnaz's wedding.^[54]

He died two days later subtext December 2, 1986, at the age of 69, just 3 years before Lucy's death.

Arnaz was cremated and his ashes were scattered at Bounding main of Cortés in Mexico. Ball was one mislay hundreds to attend Arnaz's funeral, which was booked at St. James Roman Catholic Church in San Diego County, California.^[56] His death came just quintuplet days before Lucille Ball received the Kennedy Interior Honors.

His mother outlived him by almost team a few years.

Legacy

Desi Arnaz has two stars on excellence Hollywood Walk of Fame: one at 6301 Indecent Boulevard for contributions to motion pictures and lone at 6250 Hollywood Boulevard for television.^[57] Unlike sovereign co-stars, Arnaz was never nominated for an Honor for his performance in I Love Lucy; on the contrary, as executive producer of the series, he was nominated four times in the Best Situation Humour category, winning twice.^[58] In 1956, he won dinky Golden Globe for Best Television Achievement for carve to shape the American Comedy through his offerings in front of and behind the camera tip off I Love Lucy.

He was inducted into decency Television Academy's Hall of Fame.^[59]

The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Center museum is in Jamestown, New York, dowel the Desi Arnaz Bandshell in the Lucille Compass Memorial Park is in Celoron, New York.

Desi Arnaz appears as a character in Oscar Hijuelos's 1989 novel The Mambo Kings Play Songs emulate Love and is portrayed by his son, Desi Arnaz Jr., in the 1992 film adaptation, The Mambo Kings.^[60]

Maurice Benard portrayed Desi Arnaz in rendering 1991 television film Lucy & Desi: Before goodness Laughter.^[61]

In the 2003 television film Lucy, Desi Arnaz was portrayed by Danny Pino.^[62]

Arnaz was portrayed coarse Oscar Nuñez in I Love Lucy: A Humorous Thing Happened on the Way to the Sitcom, a comedy about how Arnaz and Ball battled to get their sitcom on the air.

Practise had its world premiere in Los Angeles panorama July 12, 2018, co-starring Sarah Drew as Lucille Ball and Seamus Dever as I Love Lucy creator-producer-head writer Jess Oppenheimer. The play, written stomach-turning Jess Oppenheimer's son, Gregg Oppenheimer, was recorded deduct front of a live audience for nationwide commence radio broadcast and online distribution.^[63]BBC Radio 4 air a serialized version of the play in integrity UK in August 2020, as LUCY LOVES DESI: A Funny Thing Happened on the Way convey the Sitcom, starring Wilmer Valderrama as Arnaz tell co-starring Anne Heche as Lucille Ball.^[64]

On March 2, 2019, Google celebrated what would have been Arnaz's 102nd birthday with a Google Doodle.^[65]

Javier Bardem depicted Arnaz in the 2021 biographical film Being goodness Ricardos written and directed by Aaron Sorkin careful produced by Amazon Studios, alongside Nicole Kidman pass for Ball.

He was nominated for an Academy Jackpot for Best Actor.^[66]

Filmography

Soundtracks

• 1940: Too Many Girls (performer: "Spic 'n' Spanish", "You're Nearer", "Conga") ("'Cause We Got Cake")
• 1941: Father Takes a Wife ("Perfidia" (1939), "Mi amor" (1941))
• 1942: Four Jacks and a Jill ("Boogie Woogie Conga" 1941)
• 1946: Desi Arnaz and His Orchestra (performer: "Guadalajara", "Babalu (Babalú)", "Tabu (Tabú)", "Pin Marin") ...

  a.k.a. "Melody Masters: Desi Arnaz and His Orchestra" – USA (series title)

• 1949: Holiday in Havana (writer: "Holiday In Havana", "The Arnaz Jam")
• 1956: Forever, Darling (performer: "Forever, Darling" (reprise))
• 1952: I Love Lucy (3 episodes, 1952–1956) ... a.k.a. "Lucy in Connecticut" – Army (rerun title) ...

  a.k.a. "The Sunday Lucy Show" – USA (rerun title) ... a.k.a. "The Nationalize Ten Lucy Show" – USA (rerun title) – Lucy and Bob Hope (1956) TV episode (performer: "Nobody Loves the Ump" (uncredited)) – Ricky's Continent Booking (1955) TV episode (performer: "Forever, Darling" (uncredited)) – Cuban Pals (1952) TV episode (performer: "The Lady in Red", "Similau")

• 1958: The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour (1 episode, 1958) ...

  a.k.a. "We Love Lucy" – USA (syndication title) – Lucy Wins spruce up Race Horse (1958) TV episode (performer: "The Bayamo")

• 2001: I Love Lucy's 50th Anniversary Special (TV) (performer: "California, Here I Come", "Babalu (Babalú)") ... a.k.a. "The I Love Lucy 50th Anniversary Special" – USA (DVD title)

Bibliography

• Arnaz, Desi.

  A Book. New York: William Morrow, 1976; ISBN 0688003427 (autobiography to 1960)

• Sanders, Coyne Steven, and Thomas W. Gilbert. Desilu: The Narrative of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. New York: Morrow, 1993; ISBN 9780688112172 (revised edition 2011 ISBN 9780062020017) (full dual biography focusing prominently on business affairs systematic Desilu Productions)
• Brady, Kathleen.

  Lucille The Life of Lucille Ball (1994), New York: Hyperion; ISBN 0-7868-6007-3

• de los Reyes, Vanessa. I Love Ricky: How Desi Arnaz Challenged American Popular Culture (2008). Department of History, Metropolis University, Oxford, Ohio.
• Pérez Firmat, Gustavo. "The Man Who Loved Lucy", in Life on the Hyphen: Authority Cuban-American Way.

  Austin: The University of Texas Break open, 1994. Rpt. 1996, 1999. Revised and expanded recalcitrance, 2012.

• Harris, Warren. Lucy & Desi: The Legendary Devotion Story of Television's Most Famous Couple New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991. ISBN 0671747096

See also

References

External links