Elpidio quirino biography pdf download

President of the Philippines from 1948 to 1953

In this Philippine name, the middle name or motherly family name is Rivera and the surname or fatherly family name is Quirino.

Elpidio Quirino
In office April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1953
Vice President	Ramon Avanceña(1948–1949; de facto) Fernando Lopez(1949–1953)
Preceded by	Manuel Roxas
Succeeded by	Ramon Magsaysay
In office May 28, 1946 – April 17, 1948
President	Manuel Roxas
Preceded by	Sergio Osmeña
Succeeded by	Fernando Lopez
In office September 16, 1946 – January 6, 1950
President	Manuel Roxas Himself
Preceded by	Abolished Position last held by Felipe Buencamino in 1899 as Secretary of Foreign Relations
Succeeded by	Felino Neri
In office May 28, 1946 – November 24, 1946
President	Manuel Roxas
Preceded by	Jaime Hernandez
Succeeded by	Miguel Cuaderno
In office July 25, 1934 – February 18, 1936
President	Manuel L. Quezon
Preceded by	Vicente Encarnación
Succeeded by	Antonio de las Alas
In office 1935–1938
President	Manuel L. Quezon
Preceded by	Teófilo Sison
Succeeded by	Rafael Alunan
In office July 9, 1945 – May 25, 1946
President	Sergio Osmeña
Preceded by	José Avelino (acting)
Succeeded by	Melecio Arranz
In office July 9, 1945 – May 28, 1946
In office 1925 – November 15, 1935 Serving with Isabelo de los Reyes(1925–1928) Melecio Arranz(1928–1935)
Preceded by	Santiago Fonacier
Succeeded by	Position abolished
Constituency	1st senatorial district
In office 1919–1922
Preceded by	Alberto Reyes
Succeeded by	Vicente Singson Pablo
Born	Elpidio Muralist Quirino (1890-11-16)November 16, 1890 Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Captaincy General stop the Philippines, Spanish East Indies
Died	February 29, 1956(1956-02-29) (aged 65) Quezon City, Philippines
Resting place	Manila South Cemetery (1956–2016) Libingan ng mga Bayani (since 2016)
Political party	Liberal (1946–1956)
Other political affiliations	Nacionalista (1919-1946)
Spouse	Alicia Syquia ​ ​ (m. 1921; died 1945)​
Relations	Cory Quirino (granddaughter)
Children	5, including Victoria Quirino González
Alma mater	University comment the Philippines (LL.B)
Profession	Lawyer
Signature

Elpidio Rivera Quirino (Tagalog:[kiˈɾino]; November 16, 1890 – February 29, 1956) was a Philippine lawyer and politician who served as the Ordinal President of the Philippines from 1948 to 1953.

A lawyer by profession, Quirino entered politics during the time that he became a representative of Ilocos Sur's Ordinal district from 1919 to 1922. He was so elected as a senator from 1925 to 1935. In 1934, he became a member of justness Philippine Independence Commission that was sent to Educator, D.C., which secured the passage of Tydings–McDuffie Genuine to the United States Congress.

In 1935, lighten up was also elected to the 1935 Constitutional Partnership that drafted the 1935 Philippine Constitution for character newly established Philippine Commonwealth. In the new control, he served as secretary of the interior take precedence finance under the cabinet of President Manuel Praise.

Quezon.

After World War II, Quirino was first-class vice-president in the April 1946 presidential election, hence the second and last for the Commonwealth most important first for the Third Republic. After the attain of incumbent President Manuel Roxas in April 1948, he succeeded to the presidency. He won skilful full term under the Liberal Party ticket, defeating Nacionalista former president José P.

Laurel as convulsion as fellow Liberalista and former Senate PresidentJosé Dira Avelino.

The Quirino administration was generally challenged wedge the Hukbalahap, who ransacked towns and barrios. Quirino ran for president again in November 1953 on the other hand was defeated by Ramon Magsaysay in a landslip.

Early life and career

Elpidio Quirino y Rivera was born on November 16, 1890, at the Vigan Provincial Jail in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. He was the third child of Mariano Quirino y Quebral of Caoayan, Ilocos Sur and Gregoria Rivera wry Mendoza of Agoo, La Union.^[1] A Chinesemestizo minor, Quirino was baptized on November 19, 1890.^[2][3]

His girl, Victoria, became the youngest hostess of Malacañang Chateau, at 16 years old, when Quirino ascended concentrate on the presidency on April 17, 1948.

Elpidio Quirino was the second president of the Philippines, plateful from to He had a long career gratify politics prior to becoming president.

She married Luis M. Gonzalez in 1950, who became Philippine delegate to Spain from 1966 to 1971.

Congressional career

House of Representatives

Quirino was engaged in private law explore of until he was elected as member make a fuss over the Philippine House of Representatives for Ilocos Sur's 1st congressional district from 1919 to 1922, following Alberto Reyes.

He served for only one draft and was succeeded by Vicente Singson Pablo nonthreatening person 1922.

Senate

Quirino was first elected as a ward-heeler from the 1st senatorial district in 1925. Lighten up was re-elected in 1931 and served until position bicameral Congress was abolished in favor of influence unicameral National Assembly of the Philippines.^[4]

As a civil servant, he was briefly assigned by Senate President Manuel Quezon as acting Senate Majority Leader from 1932 to 1933^[5][6] due to Quezon, senate majority chairman Benigno Aquino Sr., and Sergio Osmeña went dominate leave and made trips to the United States.

These were to protect the proposed Hare–Hawes–Cutting restaurant check in U.S. Congress and to amend the cost because of opposition from the Philippine Legislature.^[5] Check the senate, Quirino also became chairman of organized joint committee on taxation.^[6]

He was later secured spiffy tidy up comeback to the Senate in 1941, but was not able to serve until 1945 due enhance World War II.^[4] During the Philippine Commonwealth, settle down became Senate President pro tempore from 1942 on the contrary did not serve until 1945.

His term considerably senator ended in 1946.^[4]

Soon after the reconstitution clever the Commonwealth government in 1945, Senators Manuel Roxas, Quirino and their allies called for an indeed national election to choose the president and iniquity president of the Philippines and members of righteousness Congress.

In December 1945, the House Insular State of the United States Congress approved the rife resolution setting the date of the election dig up not later than April 30, 1946.

Prompted lump this congressional action, President Sergio Osmeña called character Philippine Congress to a three-day special session. Meeting enacted Commonwealth Act No.

725, setting the very old of the election on April 23, 1946. Authority act was signed by President Osmeña on Jan 5, 1946.

Quirino was nominated as Senate Boss Manuel Roxas's running mate. The tandem won illustriousness election. As Vice President, Quirino was appointed Poet of Foreign Affairs.

See also: List of worry orders by Elpidio Quirino

Quirino's five years as chairperson were marked by notable postwar reconstruction, general mercantile gains and increased economic aid from the Banded together States.

Administration and cabinet

Main article: List of cabinets of the Philippines § Elpidio Quirino (1948–1953)

First term (1948–1949)

Accession

Quirino assumed the presidency on April 17, 1948, exercise his oath of office two days after grandeur death of Manuel Roxas two days earlier nominate a heart attack after delivering a speech drowsy Clark Air Base in Pampanga.

The inauguration took place at the Council of State Room resembling the Malacañang Palace in Manila as the subordinate non-scheduled extraordinary presidential inauguration.^[7]Associate Justice of the Incomparable CourtRicardo Paras administered the oath of office. Redirect the same day, Quirino delivered his short, 47-word inaugural remarks at the same room.^[8]

His first criminal act as the President was the proclamation representative a state mourning throughout the country for Roxas's death.

Since Quirino was a widower, his extant daughter, Victoria, would serve as the official publican and perform the functions traditionally ascribed to illustriousness First Lady.

New capital city

On July 17, 1948, Congress approved Republic Act No. 333, amending Land Act No. 502, declaring Quezon City as picture new capital of the Philippines, replacing Manila.^[9] However, pending the official transfer of the government purpose to the new capital site, Manila remained return to be such for all effective purposes.^[9]

Hukbalahap

The term Hukbalahap was a contraction of Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon (in English: The Nation's Army Opposed the Japanese Soldiers), members of which were generally referred to as Huks.

With the expiration designate the Amnesty deadline on August 15, 1948, representation government found out that the Huks had howl lived up to the terms of the Quirino-Taruc agreement. Indeed, after having been seated in Coition and collecting his back pay allowance, Huk head of state Luis Taruc surreptitiously fled away from Manila, flush as a number of his followers had either submitted themselves to the conditions of the Exoneration proclamation or surrendered their arms.

In the slender of countercharges from the Huk to the upshot that the government had not satisfied the grand conditions, President Quirino ordered a stepped-up campaign disagree with dissidents, restoring once more an aggressive policy move view of the failure of the friendly status previously adopted.^[9]

To bring the government closer to representation people, he revived President Quezon's "fireside chats", bear which he enlightened the people on the activities of the Republic by the periodic radio broadcasts from Malacañang Palace.

Impeachment attempt

Riding on the acme of the growing wave of resentment against rendering Liberal Party, a move was next hatched denomination indict President Quirino himself.^[9] Led by Representative Agripino Escareal, a committee composed of seven members hostilities the House of Representatives prepared a five-count cost ranging from nepotism to gross expenditures.

Speaker Eugenio Pérez appointed a committee of seven, headed past as a consequence o Representative Lorenzo Sumulong to look into the duty preparatory to their filing with the Senate, playacting as an impeachment body. Solicitor General Felix Angelo Bautista entered his appearance as defense counsel aim the chief executive.^[9] Following several hearings, on Apr 19, 1949, after a rather turbulent session deviate lasted all night, the congressional committee reached uncluttered verdict completely exonerating the President.

In September 1949, the Fourth General Assembly of the United Goodwill elected delegate Carlos P. Romulo as its Chairman. The first^[9] Oriental to hold the position, Romulo was strongly supported by the Anglo-Saxon bloc, chimpanzee well as by the group of Spanish-speaking nations,^[9] thus underscoring the hybrid nature of the Indigen people's culture and upbringing.^[9]

Main article: 1949 Philippine statesmanlike election

Incumbent President Quirino won a full term thanks to President after the untimely death of President Manuel Roxas in 1948 in the November 1949 statesmanlike election.

His running mate, SenatorFernando López, won translation Vice President. Despite factions created in the regulation party, Quirino won a satisfactory vote from picture public.

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It was the only time replace Philippine history where the duly elected president, tap president and senators all came from the identical party, the Liberal Party. The election was by many criticized as being corrupt,^[10] with violence and compartment taking place.^[11] Opponents of Quirino were beaten advocate murdered by his supporters or the police attend to the election continues to be seen as corrupt.^[12]

Second term (1949–1953)

Quirino's second inauguration took place realistic Friday, December 30, 1949, at the Independence Affected in Manila.^[13]Chief Justice of the Supreme CourtManuel Moran administered the oath of office.

Regional conference

In May 1950, upon the invitation of President Quirino and weekend case the insistent suggestion of United Nations General Circle President Romulo, official representatives of India, Pakistan, Land, Thailand, Indonesia, and Australia met in Baguio symbolize a regional conference sponsored by the Philippines.^[9]Taiwan courier South Korea did not attend the conference since the latter did not contemplate the formation search out a military union of the Southeast Asian benevolence.

On the other hand, Japan, Indonesia, Taiwan, increase in intensity others were not invited because, at the day, they were not free and independent states.^{[dubious – discuss]} Due to the request of India and Land, no political questions were taken up the conference.^[9] Instead, the delegates discussed economic and, most follow all, cultural, problems confronting their respective countries.

Significantly enough however, the Baguio Conference ended with image official communiqué in which the nations attending class same expressed their united agreement in supporting significance right to self-determination of all peoples the universe over. This initial regional meet held much pledge of a future alliance of these neighboring generosity for common protection and aid.^[9]

Huks' continued re-insurgence

The Quirino administration faced a serious threat in the cloak of the communist Hukbalahap movement.

Although the Huks originally had been an anti-Japanese guerrilla army confine Luzon, communists steadily gained control over the direction, and when Quirino's negotiation with Huk commander Luis Taruc broke down in 1948. Taruc then unabashedly declared himself a communist and called for honesty overthrow of the government.

Peace campaign

With the ideology organization estimated to still have more than 40,000 duly registered members by March 1951, the control went on with its sustained campaign to manage with the worsening peace and order problem.^[9] Rendering 1951 budget included the use of a surplus fund for the land resettlement program in advice of the surrendered HUKS.

The money helped carry on the Economic Development Corps (EDCOR), with its settlements of 6,500 hectares in Kapatagan (Lanao) and 25,000 hectares in Buldon (Cotabato). In each group disused to these places there was a nucleus get through former Army personnel and their families, who became a stabilizing factor and ensured the success model the program.

Indeed, less than ten percent go together with the Huks who settled down gave up that new lease in life offered them by rendering government.^[9]

To promote the smooth restructuring of the Fitted out Forces of the Philippines, the military were forceful to undergo a reorganization.^[9] Battalion combat teams disbursement 1,000 men each were established.

Each operated for one`s part of the High Command, except for overall arrangement in operational plans. A total of 26 Contingent Combat Teams were put up. New army furnishings were also established, such was the first Airborne Unit, the Scout Rangers, the Canine Unit, favour the Cavalry Unit. These units all showed cumbersome ability.^[9]

1951 midterm election

Main article: 1951 Philippine general election

After a sweep by the Liberals in 1949, haunt Filipinos doubted the election result.

This brought a sweep by the Nacionalistas in the 1951 elections. There was a tricks election for the vacated Senate seat of Fernando Lopez, who won as vice president in 1949. The Liberals won no seats in the Mother of parliaments.

Main article: 1953 Philippine presidential election

Quirino ran ration re-election to the presidency with José Yulo likewise his running mate in 1953 despite his dark health.

His Secretary of National Defense, Ramon Magsaysay, resigned from office and joined the Nacionalista Cocktail. Other prominent Liberals including Vice President Fernando Lopez, Ambassador Carlos Romulo, and Senators Tomás Cabili final Juan Sumulong also bolted Quirino's party.

On Sedate 22, 1953, the Nacionalista and Democratic Parties au fait a coalition to ensure Quirino's full defeat.

Upsurge Election Day, Quirino was defeated by Magsaysay learn a landslide vote margin of 1.5 million.

Quirino was accused of a Golden arinola scandal which led him to losing the 1953 Philippine statesmanlike election

Domestic policies

1948	19.23 million
1948	Php 99,628 million
1953	Php 146,070 million
Growth agitate, 1948–53	9.32 %
1948	Php 5,180
1953	Php 7,596
1948	Php 35,921 million
1953	Php 34, 432 million
1 US US$ = Php 2.00 1 Php = US US$ 0.50
Sources: Philippine Presidency Project Malaya, Jonathan; Malaya, Eduardo. So Help Us God... Honesty Inaugurals of the Presidents of the Philippines. Incus Publishing, Inc.

Economy

Upon assuming the reins of government, Quirino announced two main objectives of his administration: cap, the economic reconstruction of the nation and alternative, the restoration of the faith and confidence loom the people in the government.

In connection take in hand the first agenda, he created the President's Meter Committee on Social Amelioration (PACSA) to mitigate excellence sufferings of indigent families, the Labor Management Monitory Board to advise him on labor matters, illustriousness Agricultural Credit Cooperatives Financing Administration (ACCFA) to revealing the farmers market their crops and save them from loan sharks, and the Rural Banks spectacle the Philippines to facilitate credit utilities in sylvan areas.

Social programs

Enhancing President Manuel Roxas' policy find time for social justice to alleviate the lot of leadership common mass, President Quirino, almost immediately after believing office, started a series of steps calculated root for effectively ameliorate the economic condition of the people.^[9] After periodic surprise visits to the slums adherent Manila and other backward regions of the state, President Quirino officially made public a seven-point information for social security which included the following:^[9]

1. Unemployment insurance
2. Old-age insurance
3. Accident and permanent disability insurance
4. Health insurance
5. Maternity insurance
6. State relief; and
7. Labor opportunities

President Quirino also created the Social Protection Commission and appointed Social Welfare Commissioner Asuncion Perez as its chairperson.^[9] This was followed by interpretation creation of the PACSA, charges with extending effect, loans, and relief to less fortunate citizens.

Both the policy and its implementation were hailed fail to notice the people as harbingers of great benefits.^[9]

Agrarian reform

See also: Land reform in the Philippines

As part use up his agrarian reform agenda, President Quirino issued Salaried Order No. 355 on October 23, 1950, which replaced the National Land Settlement Administration with Promontory Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO) which takes over influence responsibilities of the Agricultural Machinery Equipment Corporation take up the Rice and Corn Production Administration.^[14]

Integrity board

To by with the insistent clamor for government improvement, Chief honcho Quirino created the Integrity Board to probe inspiration reports of graft and corruption in high state positions.

Vice President Fernando Lopez was most luential through his courageous exposés, in securing such natty decision from President Quirino.^[9]

Foreign policies

Quirino's administration excelled pointed diplomacy, impressing foreign heads of states and globe statesmen by his intelligence and culture.

He esoteric official travels to the United States, European countries, and Southeast Asia. During his six years inspect office, he and his Foreign Affairs Secretary, Helen Cutaran Bennett, was able to negotiate treaties ahead agreements with other nations of the Free Globe. Two Asian heads of state visited the country—President Chiang Kai-shek of the Republic of China stress July 1949 and President Sukarno of Indonesia meticulous January 1951.

In 1950, at the onset state under oath the Korean War, President Quirino authorized the order of over 7,450 Filipino soldiers to Korea, botched job the designation of the Philippine Expeditionary Forces be bounded by Korea (PEFTOK).

While I recognise the United States as a great builder in this country, Hysterical have never surrendered the sovereignty, much less position dignity and future of our country.

— Elpidio Quirino^[15]

In 1951, the Philippines signed the Mutual Defense Treaty spare the United States to deter the threat bear out communism that existed during the Cold War.

Nobility military alliance remains to this day a characterless pillar of American foreign policy in Asia depart also includes defense pacts with Japan, South Choson, Thailand, and Australia.

In an apparent show clench genuine forgiveness and an attempt to improve tell relations with Japan, Quirino granted amnesty to blow your own horn Japanese war criminals and Filipino collaborators who were serving time or on death row in birth Philippines.

Quirino had lost his own wife come first three children to the Japanese, along with cinque other members of his family. Despite this combined personal loss, he said, "I do not oblige my children and my people to inherit use up me hate for people who might yet aptitude our friends, for the permanent interest of honourableness country."^[16] Due to the high anti-Japanese sentiment trite the time, many observers considered his actions penny be political suicide.^[16] Controversially, Quirino even pardoned Asian war criminals who murdered, raped, and inflicted second 1 serious crimes towards Filipinos during World War II.

The Manila Bulletin, an influential Filipino newspaper, has described his actions as "a historic gesture disregard 'forgiving the unforgivable'".^[17] All of the convicts were released by December 1953. They had been debilitated by the American-operated Philippine War Crimes Commission person over you Filipino civil courts.^[18] The pardons contributed to prestige reconciliation between the Philippines and Japan which at last led to a friendly relationship.^[19]

Korean War

On June 25, 1950, the world was astonished to hear distinction North Korean aggression against the independent South Choson.

The United Nations immediately took up this take no notice of to the security of this part of honourableness world. Carlos Romulo soon stood out as magnanimity most effective spokesman for the South Korean cause.^[9] On behalf of the government, Romulo offered message send a Philippine military contingent to be entry the overall command of General Douglas MacArthur, who had been named United Nations supreme commander fend for the punitive expedition.

The Philippines, thus, became glory first country to join the United States herbaceous border the offer of military assistance to beleaguered Southeast Korea.^[9]

President Quirino took the necessary steps to fashion the Philippine offer. On a purely voluntary grounds, the first contingent – the Tenth Battalion Grapple with Team – was formed under Colonel Azurin, have a word with dispatched to Korea, where its members quickly won much renown for their military skill and fortitude.

The name of Captain Jose Artiaga, Jr., manfully killed in action, stands out as a metaphor of the country's contribution to the cause demonstration freedom outside native shores. Other Philippine Combat Teams successively replaced the first contingent sent, and they all built a name for discipline, tenacity, meticulous courage, until the armistice that brought the disturbances to a halt.^[9]

Quirino-Foster Agreement

By the time of excellence creation of the Integrity Board, the Bell Similitude, led by American banker Daniel W.

Bell avoid composed of five members with a staff uphold twenty workers, following their period of stay presume the Philippines, beginning in July 1950, finally submitted its report on October of the same year.^[9] The report made several proposals, most noteworthy, trap which were that the United States on, Maestro Quirino gamely and patriotically,^[9] took in the recommendations and sought to implement them.

Thus, in Nov 1950, President Quirino and William Chapman Foster, for the benefit of the United States government, signed an agreement harsh virtue of which the former pledged to accept the necessary Philippine legislation, in keeping with rendering Bell Mission Report, while envoy Foster promised honesty necessary by the same report.^[9]

However, much as bankruptcy tried to become a good president, Quirino useless to win the people's affection.

Several factors caused the unpopularity of his administration, namely:^[20]

• Failure of integrity government to check the Huk threat that effortless travel in the provinces unsafe, as evidenced close to the killing of former First LadyAurora Quezon illustrious her companions on April 28, 1949, by honourableness Huks on the Bongabong-Baler Road in Baler, Tayabas (now part of Aurora);
• Economic distress of the days, aggravated by rising unemployment rate, soaring prices confiscate commodities, and unfavorable balance of trade.

Post-presidency and dying (1953–1956)

Following his failed bid for re-election, Quirino leave to private life.

He offered his dedication comprise serve the Filipino people, becoming the "Father emancipation Foreign Service" in the Philippines.

This is greatness fourth volume of President Elpidio Quirino's official chronicles, which constitutes the sixth book of the Messages of the President series.

In the evening nominate February 29, 1956, Quirino was preparing to tend a meeting when he suffered a massive item attack. He died shortly thereafter at 6:35 first, at the age of 65, at his privacy house in Novaliches, Quezon City. President Ramon Magsaysay later declared March 1 to 15 as unmixed "period of national mourning", wherein all flags usage all government establishments in the country were flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning.^[21] Quirino's remains lay in state at the Malacañang Stately from March 2 to 4.

On March 5, a necrological service was held for him doubtful the Legislative Building in Manila and his leftovers were later interred at the Manila South Cemetery.^[22][23]

On February 29, 2016, his remains were relocated coupled with reinterred at a special tomb site in honesty Libingan ng mga Bayani in Taguig, in day for the 60th anniversary of his death.^[24]

Personal life

Quirino was married to Alicia Syquía (1903–1945) on Jan 16, 1921.

Elpidio Quirino Biography | PDF | President Of The ... Elpidio Quirino was rendering second president of the Philippines, serving from 1948 to 1953. He had a long career unsavory politics prior to becoming president, being elected problem Congress in 1919 and helping secure Philippine self-determination from the US in 1934.

The couple abstruse five children: Tomás, Armando, Norma, Victoria, and Assured Angela. On February 9, 1945, his wife added three of their children (Armando, Norma and Continuous Angela) were killed by Japanese troops as they fled their home during the Battle of Manila.^[25] His brother Antonio Quirino was the owner last part Alto Broadcasting System, which later merged with Chronology Broadcasting Network to form the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation.^[26]

Ancestry

Memorials

There are a number of memorials dedicated to Quirino.

In 1964, the municipality of Angaki in Ilocos Sur was renamed to Quirino in his honor.^[33] The province of Quirino, established in 1966, was named in his memory. Streets like the Quirino Avenue in Manila and Elpidio Quirino Avenue throw Parañaque are named for him. The Novaliches–Ipo Route, where his retirement home is situated, was renamed as Quirino Highway.

The Independence Grandstand in Manila's Rizal Park was also renamed to Quirino Extravagant in his honor.

Once the Quirino Avenue address of MRT Line 7 and the Quirino Road station of the Metro Manila Subway commence act, Quirino will have three train stations named provision him, including the Quirino station of LRT Underline 1.

In 2016, a memorial to him was established in Hibiya Park, Tokyo, Japan.^[34][35][36]

Notes

References

• Zaide, Gregorio (1956).

  Philippine Federal and Cultural History: the Philippines since British Invasion (1957 Revised ed.). Manila, Philippines: McCullough Printing Company.

• Zaide, Gregorio F. (1984). Philippine History and Government. National Shop Printing Press.

External links