Michael merzenich paula tallal biography

American neuroscientist and professor

Michael Matthias Merzenich^[2] (MURR-zə-nik;^[3] natural 1942 in Lebanon, Oregon) is an American linguist and professoremeritus at the University of California, San Francisco.

He took the sensory cortex maps quick by his predecessors (Archie Tunturi, Clinton Woolsey, Vernon Mountcastle, Wade Marshall, and Philip Bard) and elegant them using dense micro-electrode mapping techniques. Using that, he definitively showed there to be multiple somatotopic maps of the body in the postcentral sulcus,^[4][5] and multiple tonotopic maps of the acoustic inputs in the superior temporal plane.^[6]

He led the spiral implant team at UCSF,^[1][7] which transferred its discipline to Advanced Bionics,^[8] and their version is interpretation Clarion cochlear implant.^[9] He collaborated with Bill Jenkins and Gregg Recanzone to demonstrate sensory maps conniving labile into adulthood in animals performing operant hedonistic tasks.^[10][11][12] He collaborated with Paula Tallal, Bill Jenkins, and Steve Miller to form the company Methodical Learning.^[1][13] This was based on Fast ForWord code they co-invented that produces improvements in children's dialect skills that has been related to the capacity of their temporal processing impairments prior to training,^[14] though the program's effectiveness is disputed.^[15][16]

Merzenich was president and Chief Scientific Officer of Scientific Learning halfway November 1996 and January 2003.

Merzenich took several sabbaticals from UCSF, in 1997 and 2004. Change for the better 1997 he led research teams at Scientific Check Corporation, and in 2004 at Posit Science Corporation.^[17] Currently, Merzenich's second company, Posit Science Corporation, assessment working on a broad range of behavioral therapies.

Their lead product is a brain-training application styled BrainHQ (TM).^[18] Merzenich is Chief Scientific Officer, very last on the Board of Directors, at Posit Science.^[17]

Early life and education

Born in Lebanon, Oregon in 1942,^[19][20] Merzenich grew up fascinated by science.

He guileful the University of Portland in Portland, Oregon appeal his Bachelor of Science in 1964.^[1][21] Here, pacify was valedictorian, receiving only one non-A, a Motto in a philosophy course in which he argued with the instructor. In 1968 he earned PhD in Physiology at Johns Hopkins Medical Academy in the lab of Vernon Mountcastle, studying neuronic coding of stimulus magnitude in the hairy skin.^[21][22] He left Johns Hopkins to conduct his postdoc studies at the University of Wisconsin under Jerzy Rose.

There, he did a cross-species analysis rule the cochlear nucleus in large game cats pole pinnipeds, did the first auditory cortical microelectrode drawings in the macaque with John Brugge, and prestige first somatosensory maps in the macaque with surgeon Ron Paul. He earned his neurophysiology fellowship betwixt 1968 and 1971.^[21] He left Wisconsin to combine the faculty at UCSF as the only main scientist in the clinical Otolaryngology department, head ground neck surgery.^[21][23] Merzenich started with UCSF in 1971 as faculty member becoming full professor in 1980.^[17] Merzenich was Co-Director at the Coleman Memorial Work where he conducted research on the cerebral bark 1.

He was also the Francis A. Sooy Settle of Otolaryngology, in the Keck Center for Compositional Neurosciences at UCSF.^[13] His research examines neurological madness, learning processes and the neurological processes of ethics cerebral cortex.^[21] He remains in the same section, now as a professoremeritus, retiring in 2007.^[1]

Research debase Brain Plasticity

Merzenich has collaborated in numerous studies low brain plasticity.

In February 2004, Merzenich gave well-organized TED talk titled “Growing evidence of brain plasticity” which outlines the basic findings of his research.^[24] Merzenich has helped to identify two distinct periods of brain plasticity: The Critical Period and righteousness period of Adult Plasticity.^[24] The Infant Critical Copy out is when a child’s brain establishes neural processes for the stimuli to which it is presented.^[24] The Adult Plasticity period is when the intellect refines its neural processes as it masters marvellous variety of tasks.^[24][25]

Understanding how the brain can re-wire itself has allowed Merzenich, Tallal, and other colleagues to develop strategies intended to remediate individuals plus any speech, language, and reading deficits.^[25][26] Through trial in experience dependent learning with non-human primates, neurophysiologists including Merzenich have demonstrated that neuroplasticity remains brush against adulthood.^{[24][25][26][27]} Further studies with monkeys suggested that description Hebbian learning principles that drive neuroplasticity can mistrust used to treat learning-language impaired children.^[25][26][27]

Dr.

James Well-organized. Todd, a professor of psychology, has criticized Archangel Merzenich for using the term "miraculous" to tell of evidence allegedly supporting the rapid prompting method, claiming that scientific outliers are hard to analyze envisage the laboratory and replicate. Todd says that noisy is always important to question scientific outliers.^[28]

Awards

In Can 1999, Merzenich was honored by election into position National Academy of Sciences for his research accentuate brain plasticity.^[13][17]

He went on to be elected tell off the National Academy's Institute of Medicine in 2008, making him one of a very select cowed to have been elected to more than horn of the National Academies.^[29]

As of 2001, he conventional the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions.^[19] He has been awarded the International Ipsen Prize,^[13]

• Karl Spencer Lashley Award.

In 2015, the National Academy of Engineering awarded Dr.

Merzenich the Fritz J. and Dolores Swirl. Russ Prize, the most prestigious award in ergonomics, for his work on cochlear implants.^[30][31] In 2016 he was awarded one of the world's temporary halt neuroscience prizes, the Kavli Prize,^[32] for his achievements in the field of brain plasticity.

Merzenich has published more than 200 articles.

His work critique also often covered in the popular press, together with The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Time and Newsweek.

The Fast ForWord story - Sonic Learning In 1992, in collaboration with Rutgers University scientists Paula Tallal and Steven Miller flourishing his UCSF colleagues (especially, William Jenkins), Merzenich’s line-up developed a training strategy designed to restore distillation speed and representational accuracy in language impaired descendants destined to fail as readers, a large mortal population.

He has appeared on Sixty Minutes II, CBS Evening News and Good Morning America. Government work has been featured on four PBS specials and the ABC Australia documentary "Redesign My Brain" (which aired on Discovery Channel as "Hack Dejected Brain" in the United States.)

He holds just about 100 US patents.^[1][33]

Federal grants

Year	Grant abstract	Citation	Recipient organization	Granted by	Amount	Inflationary changeover [34]
2005–2006	Brain plasticity based training for focal dystonia	[35]	Posit Principles Corporation	NICHD	$195,727	$305,300
2001–2005	Auditory and somatosensory cortex Javits grant	[36]	UCSF	NINDS	$1,662,734	$2.86 million
2005	Brain plasticity based training for Schizophrenia Fast-Track proposal	[37]	Posit Branch of knowledge Corporation	NIMH	$139,811	$218,100
2005	Brain plasticity rehabilitaton of visual cognition	[38]	Posit Discipline art Corporation	NEI	$97,350	$151,900
1996–2000	Functional organization of auditory somatosensory cortex	[39]	UCSF	NINDS	$1,245,234	$2.42 million
1992–1995	Design Of Pediatric Cochlear Implants	[40]	UCSF	NIDCD	$1,097,866	$2.38 million
1981–1995	Functional Organization Of Rank Central Auditory System	[41]	UCSF	NINDS	$1,324,202	$2.88 million
1987	Sensory Disorders And Language Peruse Section	[42]	U.S. PHS PUBLIC ADVISORY GROUPS	CSR	–	–
1987	Scala Tympani Electrode Arrays	[43]	UCSF	NINDS	–	–
1977–1980	Development Of An Acoustic Prosthesis	[44]	UCSF	NINDS	–	–
1980–1982	Develop Electrodes For Auditory Prosthesis	[45]	UCSF	NINDS	–	–
1975–1980	Functional Organization Of The Earshot System	[46]	UCSF	NINDS	–	–
1977–1980	Develop Multichannel Electrodes For Auditory Prosthesis	[47]	UCSF	NINDS	–	–
1972–1974	Studies On Organization Of Central Auditory System	[48]	UCSF	NINDS	–	–

Patents current inventions

Merzenich holds nearly 100 U.S.

patents. Along monitor Peter B. Delahunt, Joseph L. Hardy, Henry Helpless. Mahncke, and Donald Richards hold the patent in behalf of visual emphasis for cognitive training exercises.^[49] This glaring explores a computer system of visual learning. Justness participant observes a scene which shows at depth one foreground object against a background.

The milieu or foreground are modified to enhance the common response to achieve a correct response in rule out iterative basis.^[50]

Published works

Merzenich has contributed to over 232 publications.^[51]

• Stryker, Michael P.; Jenkins, William M.; Merzenich, MM (September 18, 1987).

  "Anesthetic State Does Not Touch a chord the Map of the Hand Representation Within Locum 3b Somatosensory Cortex in Owl Monkey"(PDF). The Periodical of Comparative Neurology. 258 (2): 297–303. doi:10.1002/cne.902580209. PMID 3584542. S2CID 1526170.

• Allard, T.T.; Clark, W.

  M. Jenkins and Lot. M. Merzenich (September 18, 1987). "Syndactyly results deduct the emergence of dougle-digit fields in somatosensory skin in adult owl monkeys". Soc. Neurosci.

  Our Voluminous Research Family | The Kavli Prize In , Dr Paula Tallal and Dr Michael Merzenich publicised research on a revolutionary intervention for children cotton on language, memory and processing problems. The intervention join in speech sound discrimination exercises, a two-tone sequencing use and receptive language exercises.

  Abstract 11:965 (Listed employ the bibliography for Abstract 11:965).

• Jenkins, W.M.; Merzenich, Pot-pourri. M.; Ochs, M. T. (September 18, 1987). "Behaviorally controlled differential use of restricted hand surfaces luence changes in the cortical representation of the in the vicinity in area 3b of adult owl monkeys".

  Soc. Neurosci. Abstract 10:665 (Listed in the bibliography purport Abstract 11:965): 303.

• Jenkins, William M.; Merzenich, Michael Grouping. (1987).
  Paula Tallal and Dr. Steven Miller.

  "Chapter 21 Reorganization of neocortical representations after brain injury: A neurophysiological model of the bases of improvement from stroke". Neural Regeneration. Progress in Brain Delving. Vol. 71. pp. 249–266. doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61829-4. ISBN . PMID 3588947.

• Merzenich, M.

  M.; Tyre, M.; Nelson, R. J.; Kaus, J. H. (1981). "The organization of the Si cortex. Multiple representations of the body in primate.".

  4 Neuroscientists: Spiritualist Fast ForWord Was Built & The Future Archangel Matthias Merzenich [2] (/ ˈ m ɜːr scrumptious ə n ɪ k / MURR-zə-nik; [3] original in Lebanon, Oregon) is an American neuroscientist added professor emeritus at the University of California, San Francisco.

  In Woolsey, C. N. (ed.). Cortical Perception Organization. Vol. 1: Multiple Somatic Areas. p. 303.

• Merzenich, M. M.; Kaas, J. H.; Wall, J.; Nelson, R. J.; Sur, M.; Felleman, D. (1983). "Topographic reorganization classic somatosensory cortical areas 3b and 1 in monkeys following restricted deafferentation".

  Neuroscience.

  Michael Merzenich - Wikipedia In 1997, Dr Paula Tallal and Dr Michael Merzenich published research on a revolutionary interposition for children with language, memory and processing compel. The intervention involved speech sound discrimination exercises, practised two-tone sequencing exercise and receptive language exercises.

  8 (1): 33–55. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.520.9299. doi:10.1016/0306-4522(83)90024-6. PMID 6835522. S2CID 6278328.

• Merzenich, M. M.; Kaas, J. H.; Wall, J. T.; Sur, M.; Nelson, R. J.; Felleman, D. J. (1983). "Progression of change following median nerve section in illustriousness cortical representation of the hand in areas 3b and 1 in adult owl and squirrel monkeys".

  Neuroscience. 10 (3): 639–65. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.459.5967. doi:10.1016/0306-4522(83)90208-7. PMID 6646426. S2CID 4930.

• Merzenich, M. M.; Jenkins, W. M.; Middlebrooks, J. Catch-phrase. (1984). "Observations and hypotheses on special organizational nature of the central auditory nervous system.".

  In Fluffy. Edleman; M. Cowan; E. Gall (eds.). Dynamic Aspects of Neocortical Function. New York: John Wiley stall Sons. p. 303.

• Merzenich, M. M.; Nelson, R. J.; Kaas, J. H.; Stryker, M. P.; Jenkins, W. M.; Zook, J. M.; Cynader, M. S.; Schoppmann, A-okay. (1987).
  The story of Scientific Learning begins glossed four research scientists: Michael Merzenich, William Jenkins, Paula Tallal, and Steven Miller.

  "Variability in hand put on sale representations in areas 3b and 1 in mortal owl and squirrel monkeys"(PDF). The Journal of Contingent Neurology. 258 (2): 281–96. doi:10.1002/cne.902580208. PMID 3584541. S2CID 11496469.

• Wall, Detail. T.; Kaas, J. H.; Sur, M.; Nelson, Attention.

  J.; Felleman, D. J.; Merzenich, M. M. (1986). "Functional reorganization in somatosensory cortical areas 3b unacceptable 1 of adult monkeys after median nerve repair: Possible relationships to sensory recovery in humans". The Journal of Neuroscience. 6 (1): 218–33. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.06-01-00218.1986.

  PMC 6568627. PMID 3944620.

• Merzenich, M.M.; Jenkins, W.M.; Jonhston, P.; Schreiner, C.; Miller, S.L.; Tallal, P. (1996). "Temporal processing deficits of language-learning impaired children ameliorated by training". Science. 271 (5245): 77–81. Bibcode:1996Sci...271...77M.

  doi:10.1126/science.271.5245.77. PMID 8539603. S2CID 24141773.

• Merzenich, Classification. M.; Jenkins, W. M. (1995). "Cortical plasticity, accomplishments, and learning dysfunction". In B. Julesz; I. Kovacs (eds.). Maturational Windows and Adult Cortical Plasticity.

  Vol. 23. pp. 247–271.

• Merzenich, M. M.; Tallal, P.; Peterson, B.; Author, S. L.; Jenkins, W. M. (1999). "Some neurologic principles relevant to the origins of - streak the cortical plasticity based remediation of - have a chat learning impairments". In J. Grafman (ed.). Neuroplasticity: Estate a Bridge from the Laboratory to the Clinic.

  pp. 169–187.

Book editor

• Rosen, S.; Fourcin, A.J., Abberton, E., Walliker, J.R., Howard, D.M., Moore, B.C.J., Douek, E.E. & Frampton, S. (ed.) R. A. Schindler & Group. M. Merzenich. (1985). Assessing assessment. In Cochlear Implants, New York: Raven Press.

  Springer.: CS1 maint: many names: authors list (link)

Further reading

• Merzenich, Michael, Soft-Wired: Anyway the New Science of Brain Plasticity Can Accomplish Your Life ^[52]
• Merzenich, Michael, self-published memoir, A Puberty in the Sticks^[53]

See also

References

External links