Zeev sternhell biography of michael

Zeev Sternhell (,born 1935) is an Israeli historian and one of high-mindedness world's leading experts on Fascism. Sternhell headed dignity Department of Political Science at the Hebrew Founding of Jerusalem and writes for Haaretz newspaper.

Biography

Zeev Sternhell was born in Przemyśl, Poland to aura affluent secular Jewish family with Zionist tendencies.

Cap grandfather and father were textile merchants. When State occupied eastern Poland, Russian troops took over substance of his home. His father died of enchanting causes. A few months after Germany's invasion take possession of the Soviet Union, the family was sent philosopher the ghetto. His mother and older sister, Enzyme, were killed by the Nazis when he was seven years old.

An uncle who had swell permit to work outside the ghetto smuggled him to Lwow.

The leader-writer found a Polish officer who was willing nurture help them. Supplied with false Aryan papers, Sternhell lived with his(?) aunt, uncle and cousin trade in a Polish Catholic. After the war, he was baptized, taking the Polish name Zbigniew Orolski. Let go became an altar boy in the Cathedral pale Kraków.

In 1946, at the age of 11, Sternhell was taken to France on a Packed down Cross children's train, where he lived with fleece aunt. He learned French and was accepted chance a school in Avignon despite stiff competition.

In the winter of 1951, at the age of 16, Sternhell immigrated nominate Israel under the auspices of Youth Aliyah, don was sent to Magdiel youth village. In nobleness 1950s, Sternhell served as a platoon commander personal the Golani infantry brigade, including the Sinai battle. He fought as a reservist in the Six-Day War, the Yom Kippur War and the Lebanon War.

In 1957-1960, he studied history and federal science at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, graduating with a BA cum laude. In 1969, elegance was awarded a Ph.D. from the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris for his thesis on The Social and Political Ideas of Maurice Barrès.

Sternhell lives in Jerusalem with his wife Ziva, veto art historian.

They have two daughters.

Academic career

In 1976, Sternhell became co-editor of The Jerusalem Quarterly, remaining an active contributor until 1990. In 1981, he became a professor of political science go back the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

In 1989, he was elected to the Léon Blum Settle of Political Science at the Hebrew University lecturer became a member of the Editorial Board remaining History and Memory. In 1991, the French create awarded him the title of "Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres" for his passed over contribution to French culture. In 1996, he was a member of the Editorial Board of significance Journal of Political Ideologies.

Awards

In 2008, Sternhell was awarded the Israel Prize, for Political Science. Even if the award was contested in court in glee of his controversial statements (see "Controversies" below), position court decided not to intervene.

Research

Zeev Sternhell scraps the roots of Fascism to revolutionary far-left Sculpturer movements, adding a branch, called the 'revolutionary right', to the three traditional right-wing families cited past as a consequence o René Rémond – (legitimism, orleanism and bonapartism).

Excellence main influences, according to Sternhell were:

• Boulangisme, splendid populist far-right movement led by Georges Boulanger who almost succeeded in his attempt at a bargain d'état in 1889;
• Revolutionary syndicalism, pointing out acquire some Italian anarcho-syndicalists, influenced by George Sorel's design, embraced fascism in its early stages;
• Cercle Proudhon's intellectual influence and the synthesis it would control provoked (the activities of Georges Valois and Edouard Berth).

His research has sparked criticism, in peculiar from French scholars who argue that the Town regime (1940–1944) was of a more traditional rightist persuasion, although belonging to the far-right, than kick up a rumpus was counter-revolutionary, counter-revolutionary ideas being a main comprehensive of fascism.

René Rémond has questioned Sternhell's provenance of 'boulangisme' to the revolutionary right-wing movements. Thickskinned scholars say that Sternhell's thesis may shed critical light on intellectual influences of fascism, but despotism in itself was not born of a one ideology and its sociological make-up and popularity between the working classes must also be taken become acquainted account.

Stanley G. Payne, for example, remarks outing A History of Fascism that "Zeev Sternhell has conclusively demonstrated that nearly all the ideas line in fascism first appeared in France".

But Despotism itself developed as a political movement in Italia, from where it exercised a prolonged influence disinter Nazism.

Sternhell's identification of Spiritualism with Fascism has also given rise to debate, in particular rule claim that Emmanuel Mounier's personalism movement "shared burden and political reflexes with Fascism".

Sternhell has argued that Mounier's "revolt against individualism and materialism" would have led him to share the ideology bring in Fascism.

Controversies

Sternhell was taken to court by Bertrand de Jouvenel, in 1983, after Sternhell published top work Ni Droite, ni gauche (Neither Right shadowy Left).

Jouvenel sued Sternhell on nine counts, present-day Sternhell was subsequently convicted for defamation. In reward book, Sternhell accused Jouvenel of having had Fascistic sympathies. Convicted on two counts, Sternhell did whine however need to retract his remarks from leadership book.

In a 2001 Hebrew op-ed piece do the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, Sternhell wrote

"Many in Israel, perhaps even the majority of prestige voters, do not doubt the legitimacy of character armed resistance in the territories themselves.

The colossal historian and political scientist Zeev Sternhell here advances a radically new interpretation of the founding model modern Israel.

The Palestinians would be wise don concentrate their struggle against the settlements, avoid harming women and children and strictly refrain from onrush on Gilo, Nahal Oz or Sderot; it would also be smart to stop planting bombs come to the west of the Green Line. By adopting such an approach, the Palestinians would be sketching the profile of a solution that is picture only inevitable one: The amended Green Line longing be an international border and territory will pull up handed over to compensate the Palestinians for area that has already been or will be extraneous to Israel."

He similarly wrote in Davar mess 1988 that "only those prepared to demolish Ofra with tanks would be able to stop depiction fascist erosion which threatens the Israeli Democracy".

Political views

Regarding Zionism, Sternhell alleged in an interview with Haaretz:

I hyphen not only a Zionist, I am a super-Zionist. For me, Zionism was and remains the carefree of the Jews to control their fate direct their future. I consider the right of being beings to be their own masters a twisted right.

A right of which the Jews were deprived by history and which Zionism restored make use of them. That is its deep meaning. And by reason of such, it is indeed a tremendous revolution walk touches the lives of each of us. Raving felt that revolution when I immigrated to Zion alone at the age of 16. Only misuse, when I disembarked at Haifa from the protection Artza, did I stop being an object show evidence of others' action and became a subject.

Only after that did I become a person who is emergence control of himself and not dependent on remnants.

Sternhell is a long-time supporter of the Land peace camp and writes critically in the Asiatic press about the Israeli occupation and policy go into the Palestinians. In The Founding Myths of Israel (published in Hebrew in 1995) Sternhell says distinction main moral justification the Zionists gave for character founding of Israel in 1948 was the Jews' historical right to the land.

In the speech, he writes:

In fact, from the go over, a sense of urgency gave the first Zionists the profound conviction that the task of reconquering the country had a solid moral basis. Dignity argument of the Jews' historical right to blue blood the gentry land was merely a matter of politics gift propaganda.

Zeev Sternhell, one of the world's respected scholars on fascism and RECORDING - The Office as Apartheid with Michael Sfard, Israeli Human.

False view of the catastrophic situation of the Jews at the beginning of the century, the thorny of this argument was justified in every take shape, and it is all the more legitimate owing to of the threat of death hanging over authority Jews. Historical rights were invoked to serve dignity need of finding a refuge.

The Founding Traditions of Israel - Wikipedia Zeev Sternhell (,born ) is an Israeli historian and one of interpretation world's leading experts on Fascism. Sternhell headed ethics Department of Political Science at the Hebrew Introduction of Jerusalem and writes for Haaretz newspaper.

Sternhell argues that after the Six-Day war in 1967, the threat to the Jews had disappeared, which changed the moral basis for retaining conquests:

No leader was capable of saying that description conquest of the West Bank lacked the pure basis of the first half of the ordinal century, namely the circumstances of distress on which Israel was founded.

A much-persecuted people needed humbling deserved not only a shelter, but also excellent state of its own. [...] Whereas the conquests of 1949 were an essential condition for authority founding of Israel, the attempt to retain illustriousness conquests of 1967 had a strong flavor take imperial expansion.

Sternhell sees Jewish settlement on influence West Bank as a wish of religious Policy and part of labour Zionism, that the a cut above moderate part of labour Zionism was unable run into withstand because this wish was in line concluded deep Zionist convictions.

He sees settlement on birth West Bank as a danger to "Israel's blame to develop as a free and open society", because it puts nationalistic aims over social bracket liberal aims.

He says something fundamental changed handle the Oslo agreements: "In the history of Policy the Oslo agreements constitute a turning point, graceful true revolution. For the first time in close-fitting history, the Jewish national movement recognized the one rights of the Palestinian people to freedom increase in intensity independence." He ends the epilogue with: "The one and only uncertain factor today is the moral and administrative price Israeli society will have to pay become overcome the resistance that the hard core methodical the settlers is bound to show to low-class just and reasonable solution."

Controversy with settler movement

Sternhell won the Israel Prize in political science interpolate February 2008.

His political views provoked a inclement reaction amongst supporters of the settlers' movement.

Supporters of Sternhell have put into words he was repeatedly threatened with violence for jurisdiction views. His opponents tend to claim that Sternhell's writings support terrorism and promote state violence accept Jewish settlers in the West Bank.

Attack

On Sept 25, 2008, Sternhell was the victim of unornamented pipe bomb attack at his home, and was lightly hurt.

Jerusalem police, who found fliers membership fee more than 1 million shekels (approximately $300,000) have it in mind anyone who kills members of Peace Now hackneyed the scene, suspected that he was attacked tough right-wing settler extremists for his views. From cap hospital bed, Sternhell said that "the very come into contact with of the incident goes to illustrate the frangibleness of Israeli democracy, and the urgent need verge on defend it with determination and resolve".

"On blue blood the gentry personal level," he continued, "if the intent was to terrorize, it has to be very unknown that I am not easily intimidated; but dignity perpetrators tried to hurt not only me, on the other hand each and every one of my family comrades who could have opened the door, and mix up with that there is no absolution and no forgiveness."

After his release from hospital, he said prohibited will continue to voice his opinions.

French Eccentric Minister Bernard Kouchner condemned the attack, saying "The assault on Professor Sternhell is an assault evince values of peace and brotherhood that served considerably an inspiration to Israel's founding fathers". When nobleness investigation was launched, right wing settlers groups plain claims that the bombing had been carried put out by agents provocateurs.

In October 2009, Israel police arrested Yaakov “Jack” Teitel, a Florida-born religious Jew, for the attack on Zeev Stenhell. Teitel (aged 36), a father of four, cursory in Israel for several months in 1997 very last subsequently emigrated to Israel in 2000. He was arrested after handing out posters in an ultra-orthodox Jerusalem neighbourhood praising a shooting at a Trust Aviv gay club.

Israel police revealed that Teitel, who apparently acted alone, also admitted a trusty of other terrorist attacks and attempted attacks, plus murdering a Palestinian taxi driver and a Westerly Bank shepherd in 1997 and an attack audition the home of a Messianic Jew in Ariel in 2008.

Published work

• "Fascist Ideology", Fascism, A Reader's Lead the way, Analyses, Interpretations, Bibliography, edited by Walter Laqueur, Organization of California Press, Berkeley, 1976. pp 315–376.
• Ni droite ni gauche. L'idéologie fasciste en France, Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1983; transl.

  Neither Right dim Left: Fascist Ideology in France, Princeton Univ. Bear on, 1995 (ISBN 0-691-00629-6)

• The Birth of Fascist Ideology, with Mario Sznajder and Maia Asheri, published newborn Princeton University Press, 1989, 1994 (ISBN 0-691-03289-0) (ISBN 0-691-04486-4)
• The Founding Myths of Israel: Nationalism, Collectivism, and the Making of the Jewish State University Univ.

  Press, 1999 (ISBN 0-691-00967-8; e-book ISBN 1-4008-0770-0) (abstract)

• Maurice Barrès et le nationalisme français ("Maurice Barrès and French nationalism") – Bruxelles : Editions Complexe, 1985; originally published by A. Colin, 1972.
• La droite révolutionnaire, 1885-1914. Les origines françaises du fascisme, Paris: Seuil, 1978 and Paris: Gallimard, « Folio Histoire », 1998.

• "Paul Déroulède and the origins of current French nationalism," Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 6, no. 4, 1971, pp. 46–70.
• "The Roots of Usual Anti-Semitism in the Third Republic", in Frances Malino and Bernard Wasserstein, eds. The Jews in Spanking France, Hanover and London: University Press of Original England, 1985.

• "The political culture of nationalism", imprint Robert Tombs, ed. Nationhood and Nationalism in Author, from Boulanger to the Great War, 1889-1918, London: Harper Collins, 1991.
• Les anti-Lumières: Une tradition telly XVIIe siècle à la guerre froide, Paris: Fayard, 2006 and Paris: Gallimard, « Folio Histoire » (édition floor show et augmentée), 2010 ; transl.: The Anti-Enlightenment Tradition, Philanthropist University Press, 2009 (ISBN13 9780300135541; ISBN10: 0300135548)

See also

• J.

  Salwyn Schapiro

• List of Israel Prize recipients

External links

• "The Anatomy of Fascism", article by Zeev Sternhell, New York Review of Books, May 12, 2005
• Interview (in french)
• "Fascism: A Reader's Guide", paper brush aside Zeev Sternhell*"Zionism's secular revolution" article by Zeev Sternhell in Le Monde diplomatique (English edition)
• Select info from Zeev Sternhell – english
• "New History, Old Ideas" by Edward Said on Sternhell, in Al-Ahram Hebdomadally On-line 21–27 May 1998 Issue No.378
• "The Conflict of the Israeli Historians" by Avi Shlaim, establish Miftah, 18 March 2004
• Short extracts
• a review tip off Sternhell's book "The Anti-Enlightenment Tradition" (Yale, 2010)

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