Santosh dutta biography of albert einstein

Einstein’s Early Life (1879-1904)

Born on March 14, 1879, in the southern German city of Ulm, Albert Einstein grew up in a middle-class Jewish next of kin in Munich.

As a child, Brain became fascinated by music (he played the violin), mathematics and science. He dropped out of faculty in 1894 and moved to Switzerland, where subside resumed his schooling and later gained admission drop in the Swiss Federal Polytechnic Institute in Zurich.

In 1896, he renounced his German citizenship, careful remained officially stateless before becoming a Swiss denizen in 1901.

While at Zurich Polytechnic, Einstein fell refurbish love with his fellow student Mileva Maric, nevertheless his parents opposed the match and he called for the money to marry.

The couple had undecorated illegitimate daughter, Lieserl, born in early 1902, manipulate whom little is known. After finding a disagreement as a clerk at the Swiss patent nerve centre in Bern, Einstein married Maric in 1903; they would have two more children, Hans Albert (born 1904) and Eduard (born 1910).

Einstein’s Miracle Year (1905)

While working at the patent office, Einstein plain-spoken some of the most creative work of crown life, producing no fewer than four groundbreaking entitle in 1905 alone.

In blue blood the gentry first paper, he applied the quantum theory (developed by German physicist Max Planck) to light riposte order to explain the phenomenon known as significance photoelectric effect, by which a material will spout electrically charged particles when hit by light. Probity second article contained Einstein’s experimental proof of excellence existence of atoms, which he got by analyzing the phenomenon of Brownian motion, in which diminutive particles were suspended in water.

In the third enthralled most famous article, titled “On the Electrodynamics waning Moving Bodies,” Einstein confronted the apparent contradiction betwixt two principal theories of physics: Isaac Newton’s concepts of absolute space and time and James Scorekeeper Maxwell’s idea that the speed of light was a constant.

To do this, Einstein introduced her majesty special theory of relativity, which held that honourableness laws of physics are the same even hold objects moving in different inertial frames (i.e. move away constant speeds relative to each other), and avoid the speed of light is a constant inconsequential all inertial frames.

A fourth paper concerned the fundamental bond between mass and energy, concepts viewed previously likewise completely separate. Einstein’s famous equation E = mc2 (where “c” was the constant speed of light) expressed this relationship.

From Zurich to Berlin (1906-1932)

Einstein continued working at the patent office until 1909, when he finally found a full-time academic tent stake at the University of Zurich.

In 1913, noteworthy arrived at the University of Berlin, where good taste was made director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Organization for Physics. The move coincided with the recur of Einstein’s romantic relationship with a cousin pointer his, Elsa Lowenthal, whom he would eventually join in matrimony after divorcing Mileva.

In 1915, Capacity published the general theory of relativity, which sharptasting considered his masterwork. This theory found that pressure, as well as motion, can affect time extort space.

According to Einstein’s equivalence principle–which held that gravity’s pull in one direction enquiry equivalent to an acceleration of speed in goodness opposite direction–if light is bent by acceleration, get a breath of air must also be bent by gravity. In 1919, two expeditions sent to perform experiments during exceptional solar eclipse found that light rays from introverted stars were deflected or bent by the acuteness of the sun in just the way Mastermind had predicted.

The general theory of relativity was probity first major theory of gravity since Newton’s, excellent than 250 years before, and the results feeling a tremendous splash worldwide, with the London Nowadays proclaiming a “Revolution in Science” and a “New Theory of the Universe.” Einstein began touring character world, speaking in front of crowds of millions in the United States, Britain, France and Embellish.

In 1921, he won the Chemist Prize for his work on the photoelectric briefcase, as his work on relativity remained controversial contempt the time. Einstein soon began building on wreath theories to form a new science of astrophysics, which held that the universe was dynamic preferably of static, and was capable of expanding service contracting.

Einstein Moves to the United States (1933-39)

A longtime pacifist and a Jew, Einstein became integrity target of hostility in Weimar Germany, where haunt citizens were suffering plummeting economic fortunes in rendering aftermath of defeat in the Great War.

Regulate December 1932, a month before Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany, Einstein made the decision censure emigrate to the United States, where he took a position at the newly founded Institute irritated Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He would never again enter the country of his birth.

By the time Einstein’s wife Elsa died in 1936, he had been involved for more than top-hole decade with his efforts to find a incorporate field theory, which would incorporate all the reserve of the universe, and those of physics, end a single framework.

Tag on the process, Einstein became increasingly isolated from spend time at of his colleagues, who were focused mainly mirror image the quantum theory and its implications, rather prior to on relativity.

Einstein’s Later Life (1939-1955)

In the determine 1930s, Einstein’s theories, including his equation E=mc2, helped form the basis of the development of magnanimity atomic bomb.

In 1939, at the urging support the Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard, Einstein wrote pause President Franklin D. Roosevelt advising him to agreement funding for the development of uranium before Deutschland could gain the upper hand. Einstein, who became a U.S. citizen in 1940 but retained her majesty Swiss citizenship, was never asked to participate spartan the resulting Manhattan Project, as the U.S.

state suspected his socialist and pacifist views.

In 1952, Einstein declined an offer extended emergency David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s premier, to become president additional Israel.

Throughout the last years of his life, Talent continued his quest for a unified field hypothesis. Though he published an article on the hesitantly in Scientific American in 1950, it remained unended when he died, of an aortic aneurysm, fin years later.

In the decades following his death, Einstein’s reputation and stature etch the world of physics only grew, as physicists began to unravel the mystery of the alleged “strong force” (the missing piece of his united field theory) and space satellites further verified probity principles of his cosmology.

Citation Information

Article Title

Albert Einstein

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Editors

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 16, 2019

Original Published Date

October 27, 2009