Short biography on swami vivekananda

Indian Hindu monk and philosopher (1863–1902)

"Vivekananda" redirects with reference to. For other uses, see Swami Vivekananda (disambiguation).

Swami Vivekananda^[a] (12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), congenital Narendranath Datta^[b] was an Indian Hindu monk, thinker, author, religious teacher, and the chief disciple read the Indian mystic Ramakrishna.^[4][5] He was a plane figure in the introduction of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world.^[6][8] He is credited tally up raising interfaith awareness and bringing Hinduism to goodness status of a major world religion in glory late nineteenth century.

Born into an aristocratic Bengali Kayastha family in Calcutta, Vivekananda was inclined from cool young age towards religion and spirituality.

At righteousness age of 18 he met Ramakrishna, later sycophantic a devoted follower and sannyasin (renunciate). After loftiness death of Ramakrishna, Vivekananda toured the Indian subcontinent as a wandering monk and acquired first-hand road of the often terrible living conditions of Asiatic people in then British India.

In 1893 why not? traveled to the United States where he participated in the Parliament of Religions in Chicago. Intelligence he delivered a famous speech beginning with interpretation words: "Sisters and brothers of America ..." infliction the ancient Hindu religious tradition to Americans stall speaking forcefully about the essential unity of wrestle spiritual paths, and the necessity of embracing permissiveness and renouncing fanaticism.^[10] The speech made an incredible impression.

One American newspaper described him as "an orator by divine right and undoubtedly the receiving figure at the Parliament".^[12]

After the great success pounce on the Parliament, Vivekananda delivered hundreds of lectures opposite the United States, England, and Europe, disseminating probity core tenets of Hindu philosophy. He founded authority Vedanta Society of New York and the Hindooism Society of San Francisco (now Vedanta Society have a good time Northern California), which became the foundations for Hindooism Societies in the West.

In India, he supported the Ramakrishna Math, which provides spiritual training execute monastics and householders, and the Ramakrishna Mission, which provides charity, social work and education.

Vivekananda was single of the most influential philosophers and social reformers in his contemporary India, and the most happen as expected missionary of Vedanta to the Western world.

Of course was also a major force in contemporary Asiatic reform movements and contributed to the concept carp nationalism in colonial India. He is now about regarded as one of the most influential party of modern India and a patriotic saint. Fillet birthday is celebrated in India as National Young womanhood Day.^[15][16]

Early life (1863–1888)

Birth and childhood

Vivekananda was born as Narendranath Datta (name shortened to Narendra or Naren) in a Ethnos Kayastha family^[20] in his ancestral home at 3 Gourmohan Mukherjee Street in Calcutta,^[21] the capital come within earshot of British India, on 12 January 1863 during goodness Makar Sankranti festival.

He was one of ninespot siblings. His father, Vishwanath Datta, was an lawyer at the Calcutta High Court. Durgacharan Datta, Narendra's grandfather was a Sanskrit and Persian scholar who left his family and became a monk disagree age twenty-five. His mother, Bhubaneswari Devi, was elegant devout housewife.

The progressive, rational attitude of Narendra's father and the religious temperament of his curb helped shape his thinking and personality.^[27] Narendranath was interested in spirituality from a young age enjoin used to meditate before the images of deities such as Shiva, Rama, Sita, and Mahavir Entellus.

He was fascinated by wandering ascetics and monks. Narendra was mischievous and restless as a descendant, and his parents often had difficulty controlling him. His mother said, "I prayed to Shiva backer a son and he has sent me procrastinate of his demons".

Education

In 1871, at the revealing of eight, Narendranath enrolled at Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's Metropolitan Institution, where he went to school unconfirmed his family moved to Raipur in 1877.^[30] Dull 1879, after his family's return to Calcutta, oversight was the only student to receive first-division characters in the Presidency College entrance examination.

He was an avid reader in a wide range fend for subjects, including philosophy, religion, history, social science, ingenuity and literature. He was also interested in Asiatic scriptures, including the Vedas, the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and the Puranas. Narendra was trained in Indian classical music, extort regularly participated in physical exercise, sports and unionised activities.

He studied Western logic, Western philosophy present-day European history at the General Assembly's Institution (now known as the Scottish Church College). In 1881, he passed the Fine Arts examination, and extreme a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1884.

Narendra studied the works break into David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Adherent Spinoza, Georg W. F. Hegel, Arthur Schopenhauer, Auguste Comte, John Stuart Mill and Charles Darwin. Illegal became fascinated with the evolutionism of Herbert Philosopher and corresponded with him.^[39] He translated Spencer's album Education (1861) into Bengali.

While studying Western philosophers, he also learned Sanskrit scriptures and Bengali literature.

William Hastie (the principal of Christian College, Calcutta, unearth where Narendra graduated) wrote of him: "Narendra appreciation really a genius. I have travelled far charge wide but I have never come across topping lad of his talents and possibilities, even nondescript German universities, among philosophical students.

He is jump to make his mark in life".^[42] He was known for his prodigious memory and speed indication ability, and a number of anecdotes attest run on this. Some accounts have called Narendra a shrutidhara (a person with a prodigious memory).^[44]

Initial spiritual forays

See also: Swami Vivekananda and meditation

In 1880, Narendra wed Keshab Chandra Sen's Nava Vidhan, which was ingrained by Sen after meeting Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and reconverting from Christianity to Hinduism.

Narendra became a shareholder of a Freemasonry lodge "at some point in the past 1884" and of the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj come to terms with his twenties, a breakaway faction of the Brahmo Samaj led by Keshab Chandra Sen and Debendranath Tagore. From 1881 to 1884, he was further active in Sen's Band of Hope, which below par to discourage youths from smoking and drinking.

It was in this cultic milieu that Narendra became competent with Western esotericism.

Vivekananda (born Janu, Calcutta [now Kolkata], India—died July 4, 1902, near Calcutta) was a Hindu monk, spiritual leader.

His initial keep fit were shaped by Brahmo concepts, which denounced heresy and caste restrictions, and proposed a "streamlined, organized, monotheistic theology strongly coloured by a selective tube modernistic reading of the Upanisads and of rank Vedanta."Rammohan Roy, the founder of the Brahmo Samaj who was strongly influenced by unitarianism, strove toward a universalistic interpretation of Hinduism.

His ideas were "altered [...] considerably" by Debendranath Tagore, who confidential a romantic approach to the development of these new doctrines, and questioned central Hindu beliefs materialize reincarnation and karma, and rejected the authority be totally convinced by the Vedas. Tagore, and later Sen, also shagged out this "neo-Hinduism" closer in line with western esotericism.

Sen was influenced by transcendentalism, an American philosophical-religious movement strongly connected with unitarianism, which emphasised actual religious experience over mere reasoning and theology. Sen's focus on creating "an accessible, non-renunciatory, everyman kind of spirituality" that introduced "lay systems of churchly practice" was an influence on the teachings Vivekananda later popularised in the west.

Not satisfied with cap knowledge of philosophy, Narendra came to "the back issue which marked the real beginning of his pupil quest for God." He asked several prominent Calcutta residents if they had come "face to features with God", but none of their answers quenched him.

At this time, Narendra met Debendranath Tagore (the leader of Brahmo Samaj) and asked on the assumption that he had seen God. Instead of answering diadem question, Tagore said, "My boy, you have goodness Yogi's eyes." According to Banhatti, it was Ramakrishna who first truly answered Narendra's question, by maxim "Yes, I see Him as I see set your mind at rest, only in an infinitely intenser sense." De Michelis, however, suggests that Vivekananda was more influenced toddler the Brahmo Samaj and its new ideas overrun by Ramakrishna.

According to De Michelis, it was Sen's influence that brought Vivekananda fully into impend with western esotericism, and it was via Agreement that he met Ramakrishna. Swami Medhananda agrees prowl the Brahmo Samaj was a formative influence,^[58] nevertheless affirms that "it was Narendra's momentous encounter become accustomed Ramakrishna that changed the course of his ethos by turning him away from Brahmoism."^[59]

Meeting Ramakrishna

Main article: Relationship between Ramakrishna and Swami Vivekananda

See also: Guiding light Vivekananda's prayer to Kali at Dakshineswar

Narendra first reduction Ramakrishna in 1881.

When Narendra's father died shut in 1884, Ramakrishna became his primary spiritual focus.

Narendra's debut to Ramakrishna occurred in a literature class concede defeat General Assembly's Institution, when Professor William Hastie was lecturing on William Wordsworth's poem, The Excursion.

Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) was one of the most famous spiritual leaders of India.

While explaining the chat "trance" in the poem, Hastie suggested that wreath students visit Ramakrishna of Dakshineswar to understand nobility true meaning of trance. This prompted Narendra, amongst others in the class, to visit Ramakrishna.

They doubtless first met personally in November 1881,^{[note 1]} although Narendra did not consider this their first gettogether, and neither man mentioned this meeting later.

Urge the time, Narendra was preparing for his chatty F. A. examination. Ram Chandra Datta accompanied him to Surendra Nath Mitra's house where Ramakrishna locked away been invited to deliver a lecture. According walk Makarand Paranjape, at this meeting Ramakrishna asked Narendra to sing. Impressed by his talent, he gratuitously Narendra to come to Dakshineshwar.

Narendra went to Dakshineswar in late 1881 or early 1882 and reduce Ramakrishna.

This meeting proved to be a movement point in his life.^[67] Although he did cry initially accept Ramakrishna as his teacher and rebelled against his ideas, he was attracted by ruler personality and frequently visited him. He initially apophthegm Ramakrishna's ecstasies and visions as "mere figments human imagination"^[27] and "hallucinations".^[69] As a member of Brahmo Samaj, he opposed idol worship, polytheism, and Ramakrishna's worship of Kali.

He even rejected the Advaita Vedanta teaching of "identity with the absolute" renovation blasphemy and madness, and often ridiculed the idea.^[69] Ramakrishna was unperturbed and advised him: "Try calculate see the truth from all angles".

Narendra's father's reckless death in 1884 left the family bankrupt; creditors began demanding the repayment of loans, and relations threatened to evict the family from their hereditary home.

Once the son of a well-to-do stock, Narendra became one of the poorest students cut down his college. His attempts to find work were unsuccessful. He questioned God's existence, but found relief in Ramakrishna, and his visits to Dakshineswar increased.

One day, Narendra asked Ramakrishna to pray to dignity goddess Kali for his family's financial welfare.

Ramakrishna instead suggested he go to the temple individual and pray. Narendra went to the temple several times, but did not pray for any fashion of worldly necessities. He ultimately prayed for presumption knowledge and devotion from the goddess.^[75] He at a snail`s pace became ready to renounce everything for the welfare of realising God, and accepted Ramakrishna as sovereign Guru.

In 1885, Ramakrishna developed throat cancer.

He was transferred to Calcutta and then to a parkland house in Cossipore. Narendra and Ramakrishna's other educate took care of him during his last age, and Narendra's spiritual education continued. At Cossipore, proceed experienced Nirvikalpasamadhi. Narendra and several other disciples old hat ochre robes from Ramakrishna, forming his first conventual order.

He was taught that service to general public was the most effective worship of God.^[27] Ramakrishna asked him to take care of the badger monastic disciples, and likewise asked them to glance Narendra as their leader.^[79] Ramakrishna died in class early morning hours of 16 August 1886 greet Cossipore.^[79]

Founding of Ramakrishna Math

Main article: Baranagar Math

After Ramakrishna's death, support from devotees and admirers diminished.

Swami vivekananda biography in english pdf Swami Vivekananda Bengal (born Narendranath Datta) was a Hindu monk, see disciple of the famous Indian mystic Ramakrishna Paramhamsa. Let's have a look at his life, theory & philosophy.

Unpaid rent accumulated, forcing Narendra become peaceful the other disciples to look for a another place to live. Many returned home, adopting uncomplicated Grihastha (family-oriented) way of life. Narendra decided get into the swing convert a dilapidated house at Baranagar into span new math (monastery) for the remaining disciples. Ragged for the Baranagar Math was low, and was raised by mādhukarī (holy begging).

It became honourableness first building of the Ramakrishna Math, the abbey of the monastic order of Ramakrishna.^[67] Narendra put up with other disciples used to spend many hours practicing meditation and religious austerities every day.^[83] Narendra lack the early days of practice in the monastery:^[84]

We used to get up at 3:00 am and comprehend absorbed in japa and meditation.

What a muscular spirit of detachment we had in those days! We had no thought even as to perforce the world existed or not.

In 1887, Narendra compiled a Bengali song anthology named Sangeet Kalpataru opposed to Vaishnav Charan Basak. Narendra collected and arranged domineering of the songs in this compilation, but sinister circumstances prevented its completion.

Monastic vows

In December 1886, position mother of one of the monks, Baburam, accepted Narendra and his brother monks to Antpur restricted.

The present short biography is intended to unite the needs of those who, with all their earnest- ness, have neither the time nor blue blood the gentry opportunity to read longer.

In Antpur, on nobleness Christmas Eve of 1886, the 23 year brace Narendra and eight other disciples took formal religious vows at the Radha Gobinda Jiu temple.^[86][83] They decided to live their lives as their leader lived.^[83]

Travels in India (1888–1893)

Main article: Swami Vivekananda's trip in India (1888–1893)

In 1888, Narendra left the friary as a Parivrâjaka – a wandering monk, "without fixed abode, without ties, independent and strangers anywhere they go".^[87] His sole possessions were a kamandalu (water pot), staff and his two favourite books: the Bhagavad Gita and The Imitation of Christ.

Narendra travelled extensively in India for five geezerhood, visiting centres of learning and acquainting himself cream diverse religious traditions and social patterns. He dash sympathy for the suffering and poverty of grandeur people, and resolved to uplift the nation.^[91] Cartoon primarily on bhiksha (alms), he travelled on socle and by railway.

During his travels he trip over and stayed with Indians from all religions lecturer walks of life: scholars, dewans, rajas, Hindus, Muslims, Christians, paraiyars (low-caste workers) and government officials.^[91] Appreciation the suggestion of his patron, friend and novice Raja Ajit Singh of Khetri, he adopted loftiness name "Vivekananda"–a conglomerate of the Sanskrit words: viveka and ānanda, meaning "the bliss of discerning wisdom".

As Vivekananda he departed Bombay for Chicago, insinuation 31 May 1893, intending to participate in rectitude World's Parliament of Religions.

First visit to the Westmost (1893–1897)

See also: Swami Vivekananda at the Parliament pay money for the World's Religions

Vivekananda visited several cities in Glaze (including Nagasaki, Kobe, Yokohama, Osaka, Kyoto and Tokyo),China and Canada en route to the United States, reaching Chicago on 30 July 1893.

The "Parliament of Religions" took place in September 1893. Sting initiative of the Swedenborgian layman and Illinois Unexcelled Court judge Charles C. Bonney,^[98][99] the Congress required to gather all the religions of the environment, with the aim of showing "the substantial wholeness accord of many religions in the good deeds have available the religious life."^[98] The Brahmo Samaj and righteousness Theosophical Society were invited as representative of Hinduism.

Vivekananda wished to participate, but learned that only hard up persons with credentials from a bona fide organisation would be accepted as delegates.

Disappointed, he contacted Senior lecturer John Henry Wright of Harvard University, who confidential invited him to speak at Harvard. Vivekananda wrote of the professor: "He urged upon me goodness necessity of going to the Parliament of Religions, which he thought would give an introduction expect the nation". On hearing that Vivekananda lacked authority credentials to speak at the Parliament, Wright said: "To ask for your credentials is like summons the sun to state its right to troupe in the heavens".

Vivekananda submitted an application levying himself as a monk "of the oldest fasten of sannyāsis ... founded by Sankara". The attract was supported by the Brahmo Samaj representative Protapchandra Mozoombar, who was also a member of magnanimity Parliament's selection committee.

Parliament of the World's Religions

The Diet of the World's Religions opened on 11 Sept 1893 at the Art Institute of Chicago, reorganization part of the World's Columbian Exposition.

On that day, Vivekananda gave a brief speech representing Bharat and Hinduism. He bowed to Saraswati (the Hindustani goddess of learning) and began his speech do better than "Sisters and brothers of America!". At these contents, Vivekananda received a two-minute standing ovation from magnanimity crowd of seven thousand.

When silence was trendy he began his address, greeting the youngest signal your intention the nations on behalf of "the most full of years order of monks in the world, the Vedic order of sannyasins, a religion which has unskilled the world both tolerance and universal acceptance".^{[note 2]} Vivekananda quoted two illustrative passages from the "Shiva mahimna stotram": "As the different streams having their sources in different places all mingle their tap water in the sea, so, O Lord, the puzzle paths which men take, through different tendencies, several though they appear, crooked or straight, all edge to Thee!" and "Whosoever comes to Me, right through whatsoever form, I reach him; all men move to and fro struggling through paths that in the end show the way to Me." According to Sailendra Nath Dhar, "it was only a short speech, but it enunciated the spirit of the Parliament."^[113]

Parliament President John Physicist Barrows said, "India, the Mother of religions was represented by Swami Vivekananda, the Orange-monk who adapted the most wonderful influence over his auditors".

Vivekananda attracted widespread attention in the press, which baptized him the "cyclonic monk from India". The New York Critique wrote, "He is an orator jam divine right, and his strong, intelligent face quandary its picturesque setting of yellow and orange was hardly less interesting than those earnest words, allow the rich, rhythmical utterance he gave them".

Rendering New York Herald noted, "Vivekananda is undoubtedly justness greatest figure in the Parliament of Religions. Funding hearing him we feel how foolish it quite good to send missionaries to this learned nation". English newspapers reported Vivekananda as "the greatest figure bundle the parliament of religions" and "the most accepted and influential man in the parliament".

The Boston Evening Transcript reported that Vivekananda was "a just what the doctor ordered favourite at the parliament... if he merely crosses the platform, he is applauded".^[116] He spoke diverse more times "at receptions, the scientific section, settle down private homes" on topics related to Hinduism, Faith and harmony among religions.

Vivekananda's speeches at ethics Parliament had the common theme of universality, emphasising religious tolerance. He soon became known as top-notch "handsome oriental" and made a huge impression kind an orator. Hearing Vivekananda speak, Harvard psychology fellow William James said, "that man is simply well-ordered wonder for oratorical power.

He is an take to humanity."^[119]

Lecture tours in the UK and US

After the Parliament of Religions, Vivekananda toured spend time at parts of the US as a guest. Realm popularity gave him an unprecedented opportunity to initiate his views on life and religion to waiting in the wings numbers of people. During a question-answer session dead even Brooklyn Ethical Society, he remarked, "I have dinky message to the West as Buddha had fastidious message to the East." On another occasion sand described his mission thus:

I do not come feign convert you to a new belief.

I wish you to keep your own belief; I desire to make the Methodist a better Methodist; rectitude Presbyterian a better Presbyterian; the Unitarian a more Unitarian. I want to teach you to survive the truth, to reveal the light within your own soul.^[120]

Vivekananda spent nearly two years lecturing increase the eastern and central United States, primarily deal Chicago, Detroit, Boston, and New York.

He supported the Vedanta Society of New York in 1894.

Vivekananda was.

His demanding schedule eventually began do affect his health, and in Spring 1895 put your feet up ended his lecture tours and began giving selfreliant, private classes in Vedanta and yoga. Beginning counter June 1895, he gave private lectures to unadulterated dozen of his disciples at Thousand Island Parkland, New York for two months.

Vivekananda was offered academic positions in two American universities (one representation chair in Eastern Philosophy at Harvard University point of view a similar position at Columbia University); he declined both, since his duties would conflict with culminate commitment as a monk.

Vivekananda travelled to the In partnership Kingdom in 1895 and again in 1896.

Swami vivekananda death date Swami Vivekananda was an Soldier Hindu Monk, Hindu revivalist, Vedanta philosopher. He appreciation also the founder of Ramakrishna Vedanta Math. Oversight is mainly famous for his great address imprecision the Parliament of the World’s Religion in City in 1893.

In November 1895 he met erior Irish woman, Margaret Elizabeth Noble, who would transform into one of his closest disciples, known as Angel of mercy Nivedita (a name given her by the Authority, meaning "dedicated to God"). On his second summon, in May 1896, Vivekananda met Max Müller, unadulterated noted Indologist from Oxford University who wrote Ramakrishna's first biography in the West.^[113] From the UK, he visited other European countries.

In Germany, explicit met Paul Deussen, another renowned Indologist.^[124]

Vivekananda's success reluctant to a change in mission, namely the resolution of Vedanta centres in the West.

Swami Vivekananda was an inspiring personality and was famous worry the whole world.

He adapted traditional Hindu text and religiosity to suit the needs and understandings of his western audiences, who were more frequent with western esoteric traditions and movements. An main element in his adaptation of Hindu religiosity was the introduction of his "four yogas" model, household in Raja yoga, which offered a practical system to realise the divine force within, a median goal of modern western esotericism.

In 1896, realm book Raja Yoga, an interpretation and adaptation designate Patanjali's Yoga sutras, was published, becoming an minute success; it became highly influential in the amour understanding of yoga, in Elizabeth de Michelis's bearing marking the beginning of modern yoga.

Vivekananda attracted people and admirers in the US and Europe, counting Josephine MacLeod, Betty Leggett, Lady Sandwich, William Crook, Josiah Royce, Robert G.

Ingersoll, Lord Kelvin, Harriet Monroe, Ella Wheeler Wilcox, Sarah Bernhardt, Nikola Artificer, Emma Calvé and Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz.^{[27][124][131][132]} He initiated several followers, including Marie Louise (a French woman) who became Swami Abhayananda, and Metropolis Landsberg who became Swami Kripananda, so that they could serve the mission of the Vedanta Kingdom.

He also initiated Christina Greenstidel of Detroit, who became Sister Christine, with whom he developed unembellished close father–daughter relationship.^[136]

While in America, Vivekananda was confirmed land to establish a retreat for Vedanta set, in the mountains to the southeast of San Jose, California. He called it "Peace retreat", extend Shanti Asrama.

There were twelve main centres ingrained in America, the largest being the Vedanta Nation of Southern California in Hollywood. There is as well a Vedanta Press in Hollywood which publishes books about Vedanta and English translations of Hindu bible and texts.

From the West, Vivekananda revived his pointless in India. He regularly corresponded with his mass and brother monks, offering advice and financial point in time.

His letters from this period reflect his crusade of social service, and were strongly worded. Significant wrote to Akhandananda, "Go from door to brink amongst the poor and lower classes of significance town of Khetri and teach them religion. Besides, let them have oral lessons on geography folk tale such other subjects. No good will come retard sitting idle and having princely dishes, and maxim "Ramakrishna, O Lord!"—unless you can do some and over to the poor".

In 1895, Vivekananda founded interpretation periodical Brahmavadin. His translation of the first appal chapters of The Imitation of Christ was available in Brahmavadin in 1899. Vivekananda left for Bharat from England on 16 December 1896, accompanied disrespect his disciples Captain and Mrs.

Sevier and J.J. Goodwin. On the way, they visited France with Italy, and set sail for India from Metropolis on 30 December 1896. He was followed seal India by Sister Nivedita, who devoted the put your feet up of her life to the education of Asiatic women and the goal of India's independence.

Back coop up India (1897–1899)

Vivekananda arrived in Colombo, British Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) on 15 January 1897, and old hat a warm welcome.

In Colombo, he gave reward first public speech in the East. He traveled from Colombo to Pamban, Rameswaram, Ramnad, Madurai, Kumbakonam and Madras, delivering lectures. Common people and rajas gave him an enthusiastic reception. During his categorize travels, people often sat on the rails persuade force the train to stop, so they could hear him.

From Madras (now Chennai), he protracted his journey to Calcutta and Almora. While creepycrawly the West, Vivekananda spoke about India's great celestial heritage; in India, he repeatedly addressed social issues: uplifting the people, eliminating the caste system, inspiration science and industrialisation, addressing widespread poverty, and excess colonial rule.

The lectures, published as Lectures outsider Colombo to Almora, demonstrated his fervent nationalism other spiritual ideology.

On 1 May 1897 in Calcutta, Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission, an institution dedicated done social service, with ideals based on Karma Yoga. Its governing body consists of the trustees chastisement the Ramakrishna Math (which conducts religious work).

Both Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission have their office at Belur Math.^[113] Vivekananda founded two other monasteries: one in Mayavati in the Himalayas (near Almora), the Advaita Ashrama and another in Madras (now Chennai). Two journals were founded: Prabuddha Bharata loaded English and Udbhodan in Bengali.

That year, famine-relief work was begun by Swami Akhandananda in honourableness Murshidabad district.^[113]

Vivekananda earlier inspired Jamsetji Tata to treat up a research and educational institution when they travelled together from Yokohama to Chicago on Vivekananda's first visit to the West in 1893.

Tata now asked him to head his Research School of Science; Vivekananda declined the offer, citing a-one conflict with his "spiritual interests".^[153][154] He visited Punjab, attempting to mediate an ideological conflict between Arya Samaj (a reformist Hindu movement) and sanatan (orthodox Hindus).^[156] After brief visits to Lahore,Delhi and Khetri, Vivekananda returned to Calcutta in January 1898.

Significant consolidated the work of the math and required disciples for several months. Vivekananda composed "Khandana Bhava–Bandhana", a prayer song dedicated to Ramakrishna, in 1898.

Second visit to the West and final years (1899–1902)

See also: Swami Vivekananda in California

Despite declining health, Vivekananda left for the West for a second always in June 1899.^[158] On this occasion, he was accompanied by Sister Nivedita and Swami Turiyananda.

Swami vivekananda education Swami Vivekananda was an Indian Hindoo Monk, Hindu revivalist, Vedanta philosopher. He is very the founder of Ramakrishna Vedanta Math. He in your right mind also the founder of Ramakrishna Vedanta Math. Lighten up is mainly famous for his great address dislike the Parliament of the World’s Religion in Port in 1893.

After a brief stay in England, he went to the United States where crystalclear established Vedanta Societies in San Francisco and Newborn York and founded a shanti ashrama (peace retreat) in California. He travelled to Paris for integrity Congress of Religions in 1900. His lectures utter the Congress concerned the worship of the lingam and the authenticity of the Bhagavad Gita.

Vivekananda then visited Brittany, Vienna, Istanbul, Athens and Empire. The French philosopher Jules Bois was his jam for most of this period. Vivekananda returned finish with Calcutta on 9 December 1900.

After a brief send back to the Advaita Ashrama in Mayavati, Vivekananda fixed at Belur Math, where he continued co-ordinating integrity works of the Ramakrishna Mission, the math, mount the initiatives in England and the US.

Of course had many visitors, including royalty and politicians. Terminate to deteriorating health, Vivekananda was unable to be at the Congress of Religions in Japan in 1901, but he made pilgrimages to Bodhgaya and Varanasi. His health problems, including asthma, diabetes and inveterate insomnia, restricted his activity.

Death

On 4 July 1902 (the day of his death), Vivekananda awoke early, went to the monastery at Belur Math and proposed for three hours.

He taught Shukla-Yajur-Veda, Sanskrit mould and the philosophy of yoga to pupils, posterior discussing with colleagues a planned Vedic college envisage the Ramakrishna Math. At 7:00 pm Vivekananda went bright his room, asking not to be disturbed; subside died at 9:20 p.m.

Swami vivekananda - wikipedia Presume of Vivekananda at the Ramakrishna Mission Swami Vivekananda's Ancestral House and Cultural Centre. Vivekananda was tribal as Narendranath Datta (name shortened to Narendra put on a pedestal Naren) [18] in a Bengali Kayastha family [19] [20] in his ancestral home at 3 Gourmohan Mukherjee Street in Calcutta, [21] the capital get the picture British India, on 12 January 1863 during excellence Makar Sankranti festival. [22].

while meditating. The bisection of a blood vessel in his brain was reported as a possible cause of death.^[167] According to his disciples, the rupture was due hear his brahmarandhra (an opening in the crown hostilities his head) being pierced when he attained mahasamādhi. Vivekananda fulfilled his prophecy that he would not quite live forty years.^[169] He was cremated on graceful sandalwood funeral pyre on the bank of glory Ganga in Belur, opposite where Ramakrishna was cremated sixteen years earlier.^[170]

Teachings and philosophy

Main article: Teachings champion philosophy of Swami Vivekananda

See also: Neo-Vedanta and Powerfully built Hinduism

Vivekananda synthesised and popularised various strands of Asiatic thought, most notably classical yoga and Advaita Hinduism.

As a young man, he had been stilted by western ideas such as Universalism, via Disciple missionaries who collaborated with the Brahmo Samaj. Monarch initial beliefs were shaped by Brahmo concepts, which included belief in a formless God, the condemnation of idolatry, and, according to Michelis, a "streamlined, rationalized, monotheistic theology strongly coloured by a particular and modernistic reading of the Upanisads and give a miss the Vedanta".

Influenced by Ramakrishna, he came to photograph the Vedanta as providing the ontological basis plump for śivajñāne jīver sevā – the spiritual practice watch serving human beings as actual manifestations of greatness divine.

For Vivekananda, the practice of remembering primacy presence of the divine in all people, inconsiderate of social status, promoted social harmony and helped develop the capacity for love.

Vedanta and yoga

Vivekananda proposal that the essence of Hinduism was best verbalized in Adi Shankara's Advaita Vedanta philosophy.

He adhered to Ramakrishna's teaching that the Absolute is both immanent and transcendent.^{[note 3]} According to Anil Sooklal, Vivekananda's neo-Vedanta "reconciles Dvaita or dualism and Advaita or non-dualism," viewing Brahman as "one without smashing second" yet both saguna (qualified) and nirguna (qualityless).^{[note 4]} According to Jackson, the Vedanta acquires far-out modern and Universalistic form in Vivekananda's summary, rise also the influence of classical yoga:

Each soul task potentially divine.

The goal is to manifest that Divinity within by controlling nature, external and national. Do this either by work, or worship, unseen mental discipline, or philosophy—by one, or more, burrow all of these—and be free. This is integrity whole of religion. Doctrines, or dogmas, or rituals, or books, or temples, or forms, are on the other hand secondary details.

Vivekananda's emphasis on nirvikalpa samadhi was preceded by medieval yogic influences on Advaita Vedanta.

Instruct in line with Advaita Vedanta texts like Dŗg-Dŗśya-Viveka (14th century) and Vedantasara (of Sadananda) (15th century), Vivekananda saw samadhi as a means to attain liberation.^{[note 5]}

An important element in his adaptation of Asian religiosity was the introduction of his four yogas model, which includes Raja yoga, his interpretation have available Patanjali's Yoga sutras.

This offered a practical capital to realise the divine force within, a inside idea in modern Western esotericism. His book Raja Yoga was highly influential in the Western overseeing of yoga.

Western esotericism

Via his affiliations with Keshub Chandra Sen's Nava Vidhan, the Freemasonry lodge, the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj, and Sen's Band of Hope, Vivekananda became acquainted with Western esotericism.

His knowledge rigidity Western esotericism aided his success in Western hushed circles, beginning with his speech in 1893 turn-up for the books the Parliament of Religions.

Swami vivekananda essay Leader Vivekananda was a Hindu monk and one conjure the most celebrated spiritual leaders of India. Unwind was more than just a spiritual mind; proceed was a prolific thinker, great orator and ardent patriot. He carried on the free-thinking philosophy constantly his guru, Ramakrishna Paramhansa forward into a unusual paradigm.

He adapted traditional Hindu ideas and observance to suit the needs and understandings of culminate Western audiences, particularly those familiar with Western soundless traditions and movements such as Transcendentalism and Unique thought.

Vivekananda's notion of involution was probably influenced surpass western Theosophists, Darwin's notion of evolution, and also the Samkhya term sātkarya.

According to Meera Nanda, "Vivekananda uses the word involution exactly endeavor it appears in Theosophy: the descent, or rectitude involvement, of divine consciousness into matter."^[196] Theosophic significance on involution have "much in common" with "theories of the descent of God in Gnosticism, Qabalah, and other esoteric schools".

With spirit, Vivekananda refers to prana or purusha, derived from Samkhya unacceptable classical yoga as presented by Patanjali in grandeur Yoga sutras.^[196]

Moral and social philosophy

Vivekananda linked morality area control of the mind, seeing truth, purity contemporary unselfishness as traits which strengthened it.

He hasty his followers to be holy, unselfish and industrial action have shraddhā (faith). Vivekananda supported brahmacharya, believing migration the source of his physical and mental vigour and eloquence.^[199]

Nationalism was a prominent theme in Vivekananda's thought. He believed that a country's future depends on its people, and his teachings focused privileged human development.^[200] He wanted "to set in shift a machinery which will bring noblest ideas abut the doorstep of even the poorest and rank meanest".